Table 3.
Effects of the potential PARG inhibitor gallotannin in animals.
| Author | Animals | Model | Compound | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tikoo 2007 [89] | Male Sprague-Dawley Rats | Model of nephrotoxicity (Cisplatin) | Gallotannin (intraperito-neal) | Co-treatment of gallotannin → nephrotoxicity ↑: (BUN ↑; Plasma creatinine ↑; Plasma albumin ↑); PARP-1 cleavage ↓; Tubular damage ↓. Post-treatment → toxicity ↓: (BUN ↓; Plasma creatinine ↓; Plasma albumin ↓); Tubular damage ↓; PARP-1 cleavage ↓. |
| Tikoo 2008 [90] | Male Swiss albino mice | Antiretroviral drug (Azidothymidine) | Gallotannin (intraperito-neal) | Gallotannin is hepatoprotective after azidothymidine. Oxidative stress ↓ (TBARS ↓, GSH ↓); ALT ↓; AST ↓; Alkaline phosphatase ↓; Micronuclei for- mation ↓; Vacuolization ↓; Fine inflammatory in- filtrations ↓; Fatty degeneration of hepatocytes ↓; Histone acetylation ↓; PARP-1 cleavage (89 kDa) ↓. |
| Wei 2007 [91] | Male Sprague-Dawley Rats | Model for ischemia/reperfusion injury (Intraluminal middle cerebral artery oc- clusion) | Gallotannin (intranasal) | Gallotannin protects against ischemia/reperfusion size ↓; Neurological deficits ↓; Nuclear PAR ↑ (4 and 16 h); AIF translocation ↓ (4 and 16 h). 5 h gallotannin after reperfusion: Infarct size ↓; Neurological deficits ↓. |
| Chandak 2009 [88] | Male Sprague- Dawley Rats | Model of diabetes I (Streptozotocin) | Gallotannin (intraperito-neal) | No effect on body weight, plasma glucose, BUN and urine proteine. Glomerular hypertrophy ↓; Plasma creatinine ↓; PARP-1 cleavage (24 kDa) ↓. |
| Tikoo 2010 [83] | Female Sprague- Dawley Rats | Breast cancer model (7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene/ doxorubicin) | Gallotannin (intraperito- neal) | Gallotannin shows protection against doxorubicin- induced cardiotoxicity. Heart weight ↑; Relative heart weight ↑; TBARS ↑; Bax expression ↓; Plasma LDH ↓; Cytoplasmic vacuolization ↓; Myofibrils ↑; PARP-1 116 kDa + 89 kDa ↓; p53 ↑; But potentiates doxorubicin toxicity in breast tumors. |