Table 3.

Reported effectiveness of portable activity sensing devices (PASDs) on physical activity, organized by category of employed behavioral change techniques

Outcomes and Behavioral Interventions	PASD with Passive Self-Monitoring		PASD with Goal-Based Self-Monitoring		PASD with Integrative Intervention
	Improved	No change	Improved	No change	Improved	No change
Physical activity level
Self-monitoring		42
Self-monitoring, goal setting				47
Self-monitoring, motivational messages, goal setting
a. Under 6 months					46	32 , 44
b. 6 months or more					45 , 48
Self-monitoring via computer software		33
Computerized goal setting, motivational message, self-monitoring
a. Under 6 months					33 , 35 , 49	50
b. 6 months or more						49
Computerized balance training program, self-monitoring		28
Physical activity duration
Self-monitoring		42
Self-monitoring, motivational messages, goal setting
a. Under 6 months					43	32 , 44
b. 6 months or more					43	45
Self-monitoring via computer software		33
Computerized goal setting, motivational message, self-monitoring					33 , 35
Number of physical activity sessions
Self-monitoring, motivational messages, goal setting
a. Under 6 months					43
b. 6 months or more					43
Metabolic equivalents
Self-monitoring, motivational messages, goal setting						43

Effectiveness refers to statistically significant differences between intervention and comparison groups.