Table 1.
Critical appraisal of included studies
| Included studies | Q1 | Q2* | Q3* | Q4* | Q5 | Q6* | Q7* | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 |
| Barclay and Lupton47 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y |
| Bozlan et al.48 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | U |
| Dallos and Nokes49 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y |
| Darwin et al.50 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Deave and Johnson51 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
| De Montigny and Lacharité52 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
| Dolan and Coe53 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Finnbogadottir et al.54 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Henderson and Brouse55 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y |
| Henwood and Procter56 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | U | Y |
| Ives57 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Iwata58 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
| Jordan59 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y |
| Kao and Long60 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | Y |
| Kowlessar et al.61 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Machin62 | U | Y | U | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Olsson et al.63 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Palsson et al.64 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Poh et al.65 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Rowe et al.66 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | U | Y |
| Shirani and Henwood67 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | U | Y | N | Y |
| Taniguchi et al.68 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
*ConQual dependability questions:
N, No; U, Unclear; Y, Yes.
Criteria for the critical appraisal of qualitative evidence:
Q1 = Is there congruity between the stated philosophical perspective and the research methodology?
Q2 = Is there congruity between the research methodology and the research question or objectives?
Q3 = Is there congruity between the research methodology and the methods used to collect data?
Q4 = Is there congruity between the research methodology and the representation and analysis of data?
Q5 = Is there congruity between the research methodology and the interpretation of results?
Q6 = Is there a statement locating the researcher culturally or theoretically?
Q7 = Is the influence of the researcher on the research, and vice-versa, addressed?
Q8 = Are participants, and their voices, adequately represented?
Q9 = Is the research ethical according to current criteria or, for recent studies, and is there evidence of ethical approval by an appropriate body?
Q10 = Do the conclusions drawn in the research report flow from the analysis, or interpretation, of the data?