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The effects of radiation on the calcified callus mineral density ratio (CMD/BMD) ratio in rat femora using nail (A) or plate (B) fixation at Weeks 1, 2, and 4 postoperatively are shown. Statistical significance (*) is portrayed for ANOVA considering time, fixation method, and radiation as well as pairwise interactions. Student’s t-test is portrayed for paired comparisons at each point. Error bars represent SD for the dot plot at each time point.
