Table 2.
Cox proportional hazards analysis of CSS and OS for patients with extraskeletal and skeletal Ewing sarcoma
| Characteristics | CSS | OS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Race | 0.114 | 0.150 | ||
| White | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Non-White | 1.152 (0.976–1.373) | 0.114 | 1.133 (0.956–1.342) | 0.150 |
| Ethnicity | 0.120 | 0.085 | ||
| Non-Hispanic | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Hispanic | 1.122 (0.970–1.296) | 0.120 | 1.131 (0.983–1.300) | 0.085 |
| Age (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| 0–19 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 20–39 | 1.607 (1.426–1.811) | <0.001 | 1.614 (1.438–1.812) | <0.001 |
| ≥40 | 2.536 (2.153–2.988) | <0.001 | 2.797 (2.398–3.262) | <0.001 |
| Sex | 0.027 | |||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Female | 0.882 (0.788–0.986) | 0.027 | 0.870 (0.781–0.968) | 0.011 |
| Year of diagnosis | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| 1973–1979 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 1980–1989 | 0.847 (0.670–1.070) | 0.164 | 0.836 (0.670–1.043) | 0.113 |
| 1990–1999 | 0.635 (0.503–0.800) | <0.001 | 0.650 (0.522–0.808) | <0.001 |
| 2000–2009 | 0.581 (0.468–0.722) | <0.001 | 0.570 (0.464–0.701) | <0.001 |
| 2010–2014 | 0.501 (0.389–0.646) | <0.001 | 0.507 (0.398–0.646) | <0.001 |
| Origin | 0.025 | 0.018 | ||
| Skeletal | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Extraskeletal | 1.157 (1.018–1.315) | 0.025 | 1.160 (1.026–1.312) | 0.018 |
| Histologic type | ||||
| EWS | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| PNET/Askin | 1.008 (0.844–1.205) | 0.926 | 1.093 (0.949–1.258) | 0.217 |
| Size (cm) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| ≤10 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| >10 | 1.619 (1.390–1.885) | <0.001 | 1.590 (1.371–1.844) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.289 (1.121–1.482) | <0.001 | 1.308 (1.145–1.495) | <0.001 |
| Lymph node | 0.396 | 0.334 | ||
| Negative | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Positive | 1.254 (0.903–1.739) | 0.176 | 1.261 (0.922–1.724) | 0.147 |
| Unknown | 1.037 (0.911–1.180) | 0.584 | 1.009 (0.893–1.141) | 0.881 |
| Stage | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Non-distant | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Distant | 2.712 (2.413–3.048) | <0.001 | 2.523 (2.255–2.824) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.253 (1.015–1.547) | 0.036 | 1.245 (1.022–1.517) | 0.030 |
| Surgery | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 0.564 (0.502–0.633) | <0.001 | 0.572 (0.511–0.639) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 0.776 (0.575–1.048) | 0.098 | 0.789 (0.593–1.050) | 0.105 |
Abbreviations: CSS, cancer-specific survival; EWS, Ewing sarcoma; OS, overall survival; PNET, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors; Ref., reference.