Table 3.
Multivariate Cox regression analysis for patients with extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma
| Characteristics | Cancer-specific survival | Overall survival | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Race | 0.752 | |||
| White | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Non-White | 0.955 (0.716–1.272) | 0.752 | 0.902 (0.684–1.190) | 0.467 |
| Ethnicity | 0.182 | 0.078 | ||
| Non-Hispanic | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Hispanic | 1.182 (0.925–1.507) | 0.182 | 1.227 (0.977–1.542) | 0.078 |
| Age (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| 0–19 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 20–39 | 1.771 (1.397–2.224) | <0.001 | 1.893 (1.498–2.393) | <0.001 |
| ≥40 | 2.917 (2.256–3.772) | <0.001 | 3.561 (2.771–4.576) | <0.001 |
| Sex | 0.138 | 0.078 | ||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Female | 0.859 (0.703–1.050) | 0.138 | 1.227 (0.977–1.542) | 0.078 |
| Year of diagnosis | 0.111 | 0.053 | ||
| 1973–1979 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 1980–1989 | 0.508 (0.202–1.277) | 0.150 | 0.566 (0.233–1.376) | 0.209 |
| 1990–1999 | 0.612 (0.283–1.324) | 0.213 | 0.725 (0.345–1.526) | 0.398 |
| 2000–2009 | 0.588 (0.277–1.250) | 0.168 | 0.622 (0.299–1.295) | 0.205 |
| 2010–2014 | 0.438 (0.201–0.951) | 0.037 | 0.466 (0.218–0.998) | 0.049 |
| Size (cm) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| ≤10 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| >10 | 1.704 (1.337–2.171) | <0.001 | 1.660 (1.313–2.100) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.375 (1.064–1.776) | 0.015 | 1.311 (1.021–1.638) | 0.034 |
| Lymph node | 0.503 | 0.615 | ||
| Negative | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Positive | 1.283 (0.822–2.004) | 0.273 | 1.244 (0.806–1.920) | 0.324 |
| Unknown | 1.018 (0.785–1.322) | 0.891 | 1.056 (0.825–1.351) | 0.667 |
| Surgery | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 0.429 (0.346–0.532) | <0.001 | 0.426 (0.346–0.525) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 0.439 (0.162–1.189) | 0.105 | 0.483 (0.196–1.190) | 0.114 |
| Stage | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Non-distant | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Distant | 2.748 (2.193–3.444) | <0.001 | 2.526 (2.032–3.140) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.385 (0.916–2.095) | 0.123 | 1.350 (0.970–2.011) | 0.139 |
| Histologic type | 0.678 | 0.186 | ||
| EWS | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| PNET/Askin | 1.045 (0.848–1.289) | 0.678 | 1.145 (0.937–1.398) | 0.186 |
| Site | 0.674 | 0.963 | ||
| Soft tissue | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Others | 0.952 (0.757–1.197) | 0.674 | 0.995 (0.800–1.237) | 0.963 |
Abbreviations: EWS, Ewing sarcoma; PNET, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors; Ref., reference.