. 2018 Sep 7;166(2):250–268. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy224

Table 1.

Effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) Exposure on Placental Endpoints in Rodent Models

Model or Strain	BPA Dose	Dosing Mode	Dosing Window (GD)	Sex	Summary of Outcomes	Ref.
ICR mice	2.5 μg/kg	Oral	6.5–17.5	Male	Effects on nuclear receptor mRNA expression, including hormone receptors: YES	Imanishi et al. (2003)
				Female	Effects on nuclear receptor mRNA expression, including hormone receptors: YES
				Female	(some outcomes different compared with males.)
ICR mice	10 mg/kg	SC	0–7	NR	Effects on placental weight, anatomy, and structure: YES	Tachibana et al. (2007)
ER-luc mice	50 mg/kg	Oral	8–15	Combined	Effect on estrogen receptor gene activity: YES	Ter Veld et al. (2009)
ER-luc mice	6.66 μl/g bw	IP	14	Combined	Effect on estrogen receptor gene activity: YES	Ter Veld et al. (2009)
JF1 mice	0.2 mg/kg	Oral	8.5–12.5	NR	Effects on placental imprinting: NO	Kang et al. (2011)
Mating between C57BL/6(B6) and B6 or B7 mice	10 μg/kg	In diet (estimated exposure from 50 μg/kg or 50 mg/kg in diet)	2 weeks premating—GD9.5	NR	Effects on loss-of-imprinting and expression of imprinted genes: YES	Susiarjo et al. (2013)
	10 μg/kg				Effects on global methylation: NO
	10 mg/kg				Effects on loss-of-imprinting and expression of imprinted genes: YES
					Effects on global and CpG-specific methylation: YES
			2 weeks premating—GD12.5		Effects on placental anatomy and structure: SOME
	10 mg/kg		5.5–12.5		Effects on loss-of-imprinting: NO
ICR mice	2 mg/kg	Oral	13–16	NR	Effects on hormonal mRNA expression: NO	Tan et al. (2013)
	2 mg/kg				Effects on protein expression of downstream pathways: SOME
	20 mg/kg				Effects on hormonal mRNA expression: NO
	20 mg/kg				Effects on protein expression of downstream pathways: SOME
	200 mg/kg				Effects on hormonal mRNA expression: YES
	200 mg/kg				Effects on protein expression of downstream pathways: YES
CD-1 mice	0.5 mg/kg	Oral	1–11	Combined	Effects on placental anatomy and structure: SOME	Tait et al. (2015)
	0.5 mg/kg				Nuclear protein content of growth-related protein: YES
	50 mg/kg				Effects on placental anatomy and structure: YES
					Nuclear protein content of growth-related protein: NO
					(unique gene signature compared with low dose)
ICR mice	50 mg/kg	SC	11.5–16.5	Combined	Effects on mRNA expression of some metal cation transporters: SOME	Lee et al. (2016)
Kunming mice	5	SC	0.5–5.5	NR	Effects on proteins related to trophoblast migration: YES	Lan et al. (2017)^a
Kunming mice	40	SC	0.5–5.5	NR	Effects on proteins related to trophoblast migration: YES	Lan et al. (2017)^a
Polypay×Dorset sheep	0.5 mg/kg	SC	30–100	Combined	Effects on placental weight: (NO), number of placentomes: NO, tissue composition: NO	Gingrich et al. (2018)
	0.5 mg/kg				Effects on syncytialization-related protein and mRNA: NO, binucleate cells: NO
	BPS: 0.5 mg/kg				Effects on placental weight: (NO), number of placentomes: NO, tissue composition: NO
	BPS: 0.5 mg/kg				Effects on syncytialization-related protein and mRNA: YES, binucleate cells: YES

BPA, bisphenol A; BPS, bisphenol S; GD, gestational day; IP, intraperitoneal; LOI, loss of imprinting; ND, not detected; NR, not reported; prot, protein; SC, subcutaneous.

Authors also showed histological data and reported (at 5, 10, and 40 mg/kg BPA) increased ITGB1 and ITGA5, a shift in the sizes of the layers, and increased presence of glycogenosomes and vacuoles by BPA, but without quantification or statistical comparisons.