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. 2018 Nov 12;2018:1736738. doi: 10.1155/2018/1736738

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Gln deficiency induces apoptosis through the AMPK/ULK1 pathway in ddp-resistant cells. (a) Aggregation of GFP-LC3 upon autophagosome formation in HeLa and HeLa/ddp cells grown in the indicated medium for 24 h. Quantifications of punctate areas per cell were analyzed in three different images containing more than 15 cells. (b), (c), and (d) Western blot analysis of LC3-II, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-3, p-AMPK, AMPK, p-ULK1, and ULK1 protein expression in HeLa and HeLa/ddp cells grown in the indicated medium for 24 h using different antibodies; β-actin served as the loading control. (e) Relative ROS levels in HeLa and HeLa/ddp cells grown in the indicated medium for 24 h. The error bars represent the s.d. of triplicate wells of a representative experiment; ∗P<0.05 and ∗∗∗P<0.001.