Table 2.
| Characteristic | Preintervention phase (n=100) | Postintervention phase (n=93) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex (No. [%])c | 44 (44.4) | 50 (53.8) | .20 |
| Age (y) | 64.4 (58.2-77.8) | 62.5 (54.4-72.1) | .09 |
| BMI | 28.6 (24.2-33.0) | 28.9 (25.6-34.6) | .20 |
| ICU length of stay (d) | 1.4 (0.8-2.0) | 1.2 (0.8-2.1) | .71 |
| Hospital length of stay (d) | 5.8 (3.5-11.1) | 5.4 (2.8-9.2) | .49 |
| APACHE III score | 34.0 (27.0-47.0) | 39.0 (29.0-49.0) | .21 |
| Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score | 4.0 (2.0-6.0) | 4.0 (2.0-6.0) | .84 |
| Invasive ventilator use (No. [%])c | 19 (19.2) | 21 (22.6) | .56 |
| Duration of invasive ventilator use (d) | 0.9 (0.3-1.6) | 0.9 (0.3-1.3) | .80 |
| Noninvasive ventilator use (No. [%])c | 19 (19.2) | 17 (18.3) | .87 |
| Duration of noninvasive ventilator use (d) | 0.3 (0.2-1.0) | 0.3 (0.2-0.8) | .72 |
| Exposure to sedation (No. [%]) | |||
| Any | 77 (77.0) | 62 (66.7) | .11 |
| Opioid | 68 (68.0) | 55 (59.1) | .20 |
| Benzodiazepine | 55 (55.0) | 53 (57.0) | .78 |
| Propofol | 42 (42.0) | 43 (46.2) | .55 |
| Ketamine | 32 (32.0) | 28 (30.1) | .78 |
| Dexmedetomidine | 10 (10.0) | 11 (11.8) | .68 |
| Rankin disability score (No. [%])c | .46 | ||
| No significant | 62 (62.6) | 50 (54.3) | |
| Slight | 24 (24.2) | 25 (27.2) | |
| Moderate | 9 (9.1) | 12 (13.0) | |
| Moderately severe | 4 (4.0) | 3 (3.3) | |
| Severe | 0 | 2 (2.2) | |
| Depressive symptoms (No. [%]) | 3 (3.0) | 5 (5.4) | .42 |
| Fall risk score | 3.0 (1.0-5.0) | 2.0 (1.0-4.0) | .01 |
| ADL total score, mean ± SD | 0.5±1.2 | 0.3±0.9 | .53 |
| ICU delirium (No. [%])c | 19 (19.2) | 16 (17.2) | .72 |
| Therapy during ICU admission (No. [%]) | |||
| Physical therapy | 37 (37.0) | 26 (28.0) | .18 |
| Occupational therapy | 14 (14.0) | 16 (17.2) | .54 |
| Therapy during hospital admission (No. [%]) | |||
| Physical therapy | 51 (51.0) | 37 (39.8) | .12 |
| Occupational therapy | 18 (18.0) | 23 (24.7) | .25 |
a
ADL = activities of daily living; APACHE = Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation; BMI = body mass index; ICU = intensive care unit.
b
Interventions implemented included (1) educational videos, (2) paper and online education and treatment materials, and (3) online and in-person support groups for education and treatment. Continuous data are presented as medians (25th-75th percentiles) unless specified otherwise.
c
Data was not available in the data base used.