Table 1.
Phenols, flavones, and dihydroflavonols contents of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Moroccan propolis harvested at different places (adapted from [45]).
| Sample | Region | City | Surrounding plants | Phenols (mg Eq Ferulic Acid / g de propolis) | Flavones (mg Eq Quercetin / g de propolis) | Dihydroflavonols (mg Eq Eriodictyol / g de propolis) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fez-Boulemane | Sefrou | Olea, Pinus, Quercus, Juniperus, Rosmarinus, Cistus, Lavandula and Pistacia. | 205.82±0.47b | 53.50±0.36c | 7.69±0.04b |
|
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| 2 | Gharb-Chrarda-Beni-Hsen | Moulay.Bouselhame | Vaccinium | 16.92±0.47l | 2.90±0.36jkl | 1.41±0.04m |
|
| ||||||
| 3∗ | Gharb-Ghrada-Beni-Hsen | Sidi Slimane | Citrus,Zizifus, Silybum, and Ceratonia | 33.01±0.47i | 10.57±0.36g | 2.75±0.04h |
| Khenichat | ||||||
| Meknes-Tafilalet | Khenifra | |||||
| Tadla-Azilal | Beni mellal | |||||
|
| ||||||
| 4 | Meknes-Tafilalet | Khenifra | Seratonia | 13.07±0.47m | 2.63±0.36kl | 1.48±0.04m |
|
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| 5 | Meknes-Tafilalet | Khenifra | Seratonia | 21.95±0.47k | 4.29±0.36ij | 2.08±0.04k |
|
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| 6 | Doukkala-Abda | Oualidia | Eucalyptus | 14.85±0.47m | 3.21±0.36jk | 1.80±0.04l |
|
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| 7 | Souss-Massa-Draa | Zagora | Thymus, Euphorbia and citrus | 7.80±0.47no | 0.85±0.36mno | 0.92±0.04o |
|
| ||||||
| 8 | Rabat-Sale-Zemmour-Zaer | Rabat | Eucalyptus, Quercus and Juniperus | 57.62±0.47f | 12.05±0.36f | 2.51±0.04i |
|
| ||||||
| 9 | Gharb-Ghrada-Beni-Hsen | Moulay.Bouselham | Vaccinium | 13.30±0.47m | 1.72±0.36lmn | 1.71±0.04l |
|
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| 10 | Marketed in Morocco | Marketed in Morocco | Marketed in Morocco | 144.07±0.47c | 23.44±0.36d | 5.03±0.04e |
|
| ||||||
| 11 | Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate | Taza | Olea, Pinus, Quercus, Juniperus, Rosmarinus, Cistus, Lavandula and Pistacia | 20.97±0.47k | 2.01±0.36klm | 1.80±0.04l |
|
| ||||||
| 12 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 9.53±0.47n | 0.16±0.36o | 1.13±0.04n |
|
| ||||||
| 13 | Gharb-Chrada-Beni-Hsen | Zeggouta | Olea, Ceratonia, Chamaerops, Euphorbia, Juniperus, Quercus, Pinus, Pistacia, Thuya, and Eucalyptus | 39.20±0.47h | 5.59±0.36i | 2.14±0.04jk |
|
| ||||||
| 14 | Gharb-Chrada-Beni-Hsen | Sidi Slimane | Eucalyptus | 63.33±0.47e | 12.26±0.36f | 4.17±0.04f |
|
| ||||||
| 15 | Rabat-Sale-Zemmour-Zaer | Temara | Olea, Ceratonia, Chamaerops, Euphorbia, Juniperus, Quercus, Pinus, Pistacia, Thuya, and Eucalyptus | 57.86±0.47f | 9.93±0.36gh | 5.27±0.04d |
|
| ||||||
| 16 | Gharb-Chrada-Beni-Hsen | Kenitra | Olea, Ceratonia, Chamaerops, Euphorbia, Juniperus, Quercus, Pinus, Pistacia, Thuya, and Eucalyptus | 53.61±0.47g | 8.92±0.36h | 4.26±0.04f |
|
| ||||||
| 17 | Fez Boulemane | Outat el Haj | Olea, Pinus, Quercus, Juniperus, Rosmarinus, Cistus, Lavandula and Pistacia | 265.37±0.47a | 129.60±0.36a | 6.67±0.04c |
|
| ||||||
| 18 | Grand-Casablanca | Casablanca | Thymus -euphorbia – Citrus | 24.04±0.47j | 4.09±0.36j | 1.74±0.04l |
|
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| 19 | Rabat-Sale-Zemmour-Zaer | Tifelt | Ricinus- chardon- Vaccinium -eucalyptus - Marrubium and Mentha | 14.30±0.47m | 2.05±0.36klm | 2.21±0.04jk |
|
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| 20 | Fez -Boulmane | Sefrou | Biplorum and Thymus | 72.33±0.47d | 18.12±0.36e | 3.26±0.04g |
|
| ||||||
| 21 | Guelmim-Es Semara | Tantan | Arganier, Acacia, and Euphorbia | 7.83±0.47no | 0.61±0.36mn | 2.29±0.04j |
|
| ||||||
| 22 | Fez -Boulmane | Moulay Acoub | Olea, Pinus, Quercus, Juniperus, Rosmarinus, Cistus, Lavandula and Pistacia | 56.75±0.47f | 12.66±0.36f | 4.14±0.04f |
|
| ||||||
| 23 | Marketed in Morocco | Marketed in Morocco | Marketed in Morocco | 264.80±0.47a | 80.97±0.36b | 15.95±0.04a |
|
| ||||||
| 24 | Souss-Massa-Draa | Tiznit | Citrus, Arganier, Acacia, and Euphorbia | 7.06±0.47o | 1.17±0.36mno | 1.74±0.04l |
Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (p <0.05) by Tukey's multiple range test. ∗The beehives were displaced between the regions reported above, according to the information of the beekeeper.