Table 1.
Depigmenting activities of kaempferol and its rhamnosides.
| Compound | Inhibitory activitya [IC50, (μM)] | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Tyrosinase | Depigmentation | Cytotoxicity | |
| Arbutin | 330.2 ± 1.1 | 170.8 ± 2.1 | >200 |
| Kaempferol (1) | 171.4 ± 0.9 | 37.66 ± 0.1 | 25.6 ± 0.9 |
| α-Rhamnoisorobin (2) | >400 (39.1 %)b | 39.45 ± 0.4 | 22.9 ± 1.3 |
| Afzelin (3) | >400 | >100 | >100 |
| Kaempferitrin (4) | >400 | >100 | >100 |
a Values were determined from logarithmic concentration-inhibition curves and are the means of three experiments. b Inhibitory activity (% of control) at 400 μM.