Table 2.
Associations of insulin metabolism markers with carotid intima media thickness according to sex
| Multiple linear regression | Multiple ordinal regression* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standardized β | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Fasting insulin (μU/ml) | ||||
| Boys | ||||
| Unadjusted | 0.299 | < 0.001 | 1.49 (1.10–2.01) | 0.009 |
| Model 1† | 0.351 | < 0.001 | 1.87 (1.24–2.81) | 0.003 |
| Model 2‡ | 0.344 | < 0.001 | 1.84 (1.22–2.79) | 0.004 |
| Girls | ||||
| Unadjusted | 0.010 | 0.911 | 1.21 (0.93–1.58) | 0.154 |
| Model 1† | −0.090 | 0.344 | 0.93 (0.67–1.29) | 0.672 |
| Model 2‡ | −0.116 | 0.242 | 0.89 (0.63–1.25) | 0.506 |
| HOMA-IR | ||||
| Boys | ||||
| Unadjusted | 0.308 | < 0.001 | 1.51 (1.12–2.04) | 0.006 |
| Model 1† | 0.350 | < 0.001 | 1.81 (1.22–2.70) | 0.003 |
| Model 2‡ | 0.343 | < 0.001 | 1.80 (1.20–2.68) | 0.004 |
| Girls | ||||
| Unadjusted | −0.006 | 0.951 | 1.18 (0.91–1.55) | 0.215 |
| Model 1† | −0.096 | 0.314 | 0.91 (0.66–1.27) | 0.601 |
| Model 2‡ | −0.122 | 0.217 | 0.87 (0.61–1.23) | 0.425 |
| QUICKI | ||||
| Boys | ||||
| Unadjusted | −0.288 | < 0.001 | 0.82 (0.63–1.06) | 0.126 |
| Model 1† | −0.305 | 0.001 | 0.63 (0.42–0.93) | 0.022 |
| Model 2‡ | −0.298 | 0.001 | 0.64 (0.43–0.95) | 0.027 |
| Girls | ||||
| Unadjusted | −0.034 | 0.704 | 0.70 (0.49–1.00) | 0.051 |
| Model 1† | 0.051 | 0.581 | 0.96 (0.60–1.54) | 0.859 |
| Model 2‡ | 0.077 | 0.430 | 1.00 (0.61–1.64) | 0.994 |
HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, QUICKI quantitative insulin sensitivity check index
*Multiple ordinal regression was used with carotid intima media thickness as response with three ordered categories
†Adjusted for body fat mass percent, waist circumference, and physical activity
‡Additionally adjusted for Tanner stages