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. 2018 Nov 26;15:328. doi: 10.1186/s12974-018-1357-4

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 5 — Effect of combined treatment on GFAP+ expression in the SNpc and striatum. a Images from immunolabeling of GFAP in the SNpc and in the striatum (magnification × 20 (i–v and xi–xv), scale bar = 50 μm; magnification × 63 (vi–x and xvi–xx, scale bar = 25 μm). b GFAP+ cells density in the SNpc is significantly increase in MPTP (****p < 0.0001) and MPTP+PA (***p = 0.0021) groups compared to No-MPTP groups. Interestingly, a significant decrease in GFAP+ expression were found comparing MPTP+NAC (***p = 0.0008 and MPTP+PA + NAC (****p < 0.0001) with MPTP group. c In the striatum, MPTP (****p < 0.0001), MPTP+PA (**p = 0.0060), MPTP+NAC (****p < 0.0001), and MPTP+PA + NAC (***p = 0.0002) express significant increase in GFAP+ cells density comparing with their respective No-MPTP groups. As in the SNpc, significant decrease were found between MPTP+PA (****p < 0.0001), MPTP+NAC (***p = 0.0002), and MPTP+PA + NAC (****p < 0.0001)