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. 2018 Nov 26;17:168. doi: 10.1186/s12943-018-0913-y

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Effect of FAO and OXPHOS on Tregs. AMPK in Tregs promotes FAO by increasing the expression of CPT1A. PD-1 on the surface of Tregs also promotes FAO by increasing CPT1A expression. Foxp3 promotes OXPHOS by increasing the expression of mitochondria-associated proteins, ROS, a by-product of OXPHOS, stabilizes NFAT in the nucleus and binds to CNS2 to promote Foxp3 expression