Table 1.
Demographic, psychosocial and clinical characteristics of pregnant women living with hiv enrolled in PCM, 2005–2013.
| Total cohort | No depression | Possible or definite depression* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n=337 | Total n=179 (53.1%) | Total n= 158 (46.9%) | p-Value | |
| Demographic variables, n (%) | ||||
| Age | ||||
| 16–24 | 103 (30.6) | 61 (34.1) | 42 (26.6) | 0.17 |
| 25–34 | 175 (51.9) | 92 (51.4) | 83 (52.5) | |
| ≥35 | 59 (17.5) | 26 (14.5) | 33 (20.9) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 22 (6.5) | 15 (8.4) | 7 (4.4) | 0.34 |
| Black | 273 (81.0) | 142 (79.3) | 131 (82.9) | |
| Hisp/Other | 42 (12.5) | 22 (12.3) | 20 (12.7) | |
| Previous live births 0 | 86 (25.5) | 56 (31.3) | 30 (19.0) | <0.05 |
| 1–2 | 155 (46.0) | 85 (47.5) | 70 (44.3) | |
| >2 | 96 (28.5) | 38 (21.2) | 58 (36.7) | |
| Psychosocial variables, n (%) | ||||
| Drug use during pregnancy | ||||
| No | 258 (76.6) | 149 (83.2) | 109 (69.0) | <0.05 |
| Yes | 79 (23.4) | 30 (16.8) | 49 (31.0) | |
| Intimate partner violence | ||||
| No | 256 (76.0) | 152 (84.9) | 104 (65.8) | <0.05 |
| Yes | 81 (24.0) | 27 (15.1) | 54 (34.2) | |
| Child sexual abuse | ||||
| No | 309 (91.7) | 172 (96.1) | 137 (86.7) | <0.05 |
| Yes | 28 (8.3) | 7 (3.9) | 21 (12.3) | |
| Exchange of sex for money or drugs | ||||
| No | 324 (96.1) | 176 (98.3) | 148 (93.7) | <0.05 |
| Yes | 13 (3.9) | 3 (1.7) | 10 (6.3) | |
| Unstable housing | ||||
| No | 152 (45.1) | 85 (47.5) | 67 (42.4) | 0.350 |
| Yes | 185 (54.9) | 94 (52.5) | 91 (57.6) | |
| Poor partner support | ||||
| No | 201 (59.6) | 124 (69.3) | 77 (48.7) | <0.05 |
| Yes | 136 (40.4) | 55 (30.7) | 81 (51.3) | |
| Poor family support | ||||
| No | 236 (70.0) | 141 (78.8) | 95 (60.1) | <0.05 |
| Yes | 101 (30.0) | 38 (21.2) | 63 (39.9) | |
| Incarceration or parole violation | ||||
| No | 276 (81.9) | 155 (86.6) | 121 (76.6) | <0.05 |
| Yes | 61 (18.1) | 24 (13.4) | 37 (23.4) | |
| Number of PCM encounters**, mean (SD) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 50.8 (62.5) | 39.24 (50.79) | 63.64 (71.38) | <0.05 |
| HIV care continuum outcomes | ||||
| Viral suppression at delivery | 219 (65.0) | 85 (63.4) | 134 (66.0) | 0.627 |
| Engagement in HIV care within 3 months postpartum | 141 (41.8) | 56 (41.8) | 85 (41.9) | 0.988 |
| Retention in HIV care at one-year postpartum | 174 (51.6) | 63 (47.0) | 111 (54.7) | 0.168 |
| Viral suppression at one-year postpartum | 145 (43.0) | 50 (37.3) | 95 (46.8) | 0.085 |
Possible or definite depression combined a definite diagnosis of depression (cases when the diagnosis of depression was made by a healthcare provider, when women reported having a diagnosis of depression, current suicidal ideation or suicidal attempt during pregnancy) and possible depression (cases when women had indicators of depressive symptoms, but no formal diagnosis of depression was made).
**
PCM, perinatal case management.