Table 1.
Study characteristics
| Author | Yeara | Reason for hospitalization Setting (acute/ subacute, ward) |
Group | Moment of measurement | Outcomesc# | PEDro scaled | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Nb, type, age (y) |
Control Nb, type, age (y) |
||||||
| Bürge [21] | 2017 | Dementia Acute, psychogeriatric ward |
78, Physical exercise program, 81.7 (7.7) | 82, Usual care, 81.1 (7.7) | A, 4 weeks after A | BI e , FIM f | Sufficient |
| Czyzewski [17] | 2013 | Major abdominal surgery Subacute, general and colorectal surgery ward |
18, Physiotherapy based on elements of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, 75 (5.8) | 16, Usual care, 76 (5.6) | 3 days before surgery, 4 days after surgery | 10MWT g , TUG h , SAP i | Sufficient |
| Haines [23] | 2007 | Various diagnoses (e.g. orthopaedic, geriatric management, stroke) Subacute, NG |
93, Additional exercise program, 83 (IQR 77,88) | 80, Usual care, 81 (IQR 75,86) |
A, D | Number of falls, FRTj, TUGh, 6MWTk, Gait velocity, Step length, Muscle strength | Good |
| Hegerova [22] | 2014 | Various diagnoses (e.g. cardiovascular, infection, kidney) Acute, internal medicine ward |
100, Rehabilitation and nutritional intervention, 83.6 (3.8) | 100, Usual care, 83.2 (3.8) | Day 2 of A, D | Lean body Mass, BIe, | Good |
| Jones [25] | 2006 | NG Acute, general ward |
80, Exercise program, 81.9 (8.0) | 80, Usual care, 82.9 (7.6) | Within 2 days of A, D | ModifiedBI e , TUG h | Sufficient |
| Kim [15] | 2013 | NG Subacute, NG |
15, Horse riding simulation, 78.4 (6.2) | 15, Ball exercise, 78.5 (6.6) | A, 8 weeks after A | Romberg test, FRT j TUG h , 10MWT g | Good |
| Laver [24] | 2012 | Various diagnoses (e.g. medical, pain, fall or fracture) Subacute, geriatric rehabilitation ward |
22, Interactive gaming program, 85.2 (4.7) | 22, Usual care, 84.6 (4.4) | Day 2 of A, D | TUGh, ModifiedBBSl, SPPBm, IADLn, FIMf, ABCo | Good |
| Maggioni [37] | 2009 | Various diagnoses (e.g. cardiovascular, orthopaedic, neurological) Subacute, rehabilitation ward |
1. 10, Kinesiotherapy (KT), 81.2 (5.9) 2. 10, Electrical stimulation (ES), 84.1 (3.4) 3. 10, KT + ES, 82.2 (7.4) |
10, Usual care, 82.1 (5.4) | A, D | Muscle strength, 6MWTk, Tinetti balance and gait test | Good |
| de Morton [19] | 2007 | Various diagnoses (e.g. respiratory, circulatory, digestive) Acute, medical ward |
110, Exercise program, 80 (8.0) | 126, Usual care, 78 (7.0) | A, D | Discharge destination, TUGh, BIe, FACp, | Good |
| Oesch [28] | 2017 | Musculoskeletal impairment Subacute, geriatric rehabilitation ward |
26, Self-regulated exergames, 73.8 (IQR 67.9, 79.1) | 28, Self-regulated conventional exercises, 74.3 (IQR 66.1, 79.3) | A, 10 days after A | Adherence, objective dynamic balance | Good |
| Parsons [16] | 2016 | Various diagnoses (e.g. cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, neurological) Subacute, rehabilitation ward |
26, Physical therapy and vibration training, 82.1 (6.4) | 24, Usual care, 81.8 (8.0) | A, D | PPAq(muscle strength), FIMf | Good |
| Raymond [26] | 2017 | Various diagnoses (e.g. fracture, fall, respiratory) Subacute, rehabilitation ward |
231, High-intensity functional exercise, 84.5 (7.3) | 223, Usual care, 84.1 (6.9) | A, < 48 before D | EMSr, BBSl, gait speed, TUGh | Good |
| Said [20] | 2012 | Various diagnoses (e.g. musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, falls) Subacute, rehabilitation ward |
22, Exercise program, 80.8 (4.6) | 25, Usual care, 81.6 (6.5) | Within 2 days of A, < 48 h before D | DEMMIs, EMSr, TUGh, BIe | Good |
| Tibaek [27] | 2013 | Various diagnoses (e.g. falls, respiratory, medicine) Subacute, geriatric rehabilitation ward |
29, Progressive resistance strength training, 80 (6.5) | 27, Usual care, 79 (7.5) | Within 3 days of A, D | TUGh, 30s-chair stand test, 10MWTg, BIe, Modified FACp | Good |
| Wnuk [18] | 2016 | Abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery Subacute, general and vascular surgery ward |
1. 15, Backward walking training, 68 (3) 2. 16, Forward walking training, 70 (3) |
16, Usual care, 69 (4) | A, 7 days after surgery | 6MWT k | Good |
All variables are presented as mean (SD) unless indicated otherwise. NG Not given, A Hospital admission, D Hospital discharge, #primary outcomes in bold, IQR Interquartile range, a = Year of publication, b = Number of patients at baseline, c = Secondary outcomes included of relevance of this systematic review, d = PEDro scale: 0–3 = insufficient, 4–5 = sufficient, 6–8 = good, 9–10 = excellent, e = Barthel Index, f = Functional Independence Measure, g = 10-Meter Walk Test, h = Time Up and Go, i = Scale of independent postoperative patient’s activity, j = Functional Reach Test, k = 6-min Walk Test, l = Berg Balance Scale, m = Short Physical Performance Battery, n = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, o = Activities-patient tailored Balance Confidence scale, p = Functional Ambulation Categories, q = Physiological Profile Assessment, r = Elderly Mobility Scale, s = de Morton Mobility Index