Table 3.
Medical characteristics of male youth
| Measure of Central Tendencya, Sample size | Range | % Out of Range (n; Reference Range) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate | |||
| Beats per minute (bpm, supine) | 61.6 (SD = 18.5), 68 | 28 – 108 | 26.5% (18; < 50 bpm) |
| Orthostatic Shift (standing - lying) | 16.5 (IQR = 15), 60 | -6 – 87 | 33.3% (20; > 20 bpm) |
| Blood Pressure | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (supine) | 105.4 (SD = 12.8), 68 | 79 – 140 | 8.8% (6; < 90 mmHg) |
| Orthostatic shift in systolic pressureb | -1.54 (SD = 7.5), 63 | -18 – 17 | 0% (0; > 20 mmHg drop) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (supine) | 60.43 (SD = 8.6), 68 | 43 – 82 | 2.9% (2; < 45 mmHg) |
| Orthostatic shift in diastolic pressureb | -4.89 (SD = 7.4), 63 | -24 – 11 | 22.2% (14; > 10 mmHg drop) |
| Bone Mineral Density (BMD) |
Reference Range:
BMD z-score ≤ -1 |
||
| Spine z-score | -0.45 (SD = 1.0), 35 | -2.4 – 1.9 | 31.4% (n = 11) |
| Hip z-score | -0.6 (SD = 1.2), 35 | -3.0 – 2.1 | 34.3% (n = 12) |
| Total body z-score | -0.29 (SD = 1.2), 35 | -3.2 – 2.1 | 28.6% (n = 10) |
aMean (Standard Deviation) is reported for variables that were normally distributed. Median (Interquartile Range) is reported for variables with a non-normal distribution
bValues for orthostatic shift in blood pressure are presented as lying-standing to examine postural drop. Reference range for heart rate and orthostatic shifts in pulse and blood pressure are based on admission criteria recommended by the Society for Adolescent Medicine [35]