Table 2.
Percentages (and Means and Standard Deviations for Continuous Variables) by Migration Status.
| Total | Rural children (w/ both parents) | Left-behind children | Migrant children | Urban children (w/ both parents) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child is male | 54.7 | 54.3 | 55.5 | 55.0 | 54.6 |
| Child’s age | 8.3 (3.6) | 8.7 (3.7) | 8.0 (3.6) | 7.8 (3.5) | 8.7 (3.6) |
| PCG is male | 15.4 | 13.7 | 19.4 | 12.7 | 19.0 |
| PCG’s age | 41.2 (10.7) | 39.4 (8.8) | 50.4 (13.1) | 37.9 (8.9) | 40.6 (9.3) |
| Sibling | |||||
| Child has no sibling | 39.3 | 29.6 | 25.3 | 42.3 | 70.3 |
| Child has one sibling | 44.4 | 49.8 | 51.9 | 44.6 | 25.3 |
| Child has 2+ siblings | 16.2 | 20.7 | 22.8 | 13.1 | 4.4 |
| Child is minority | 8.4 | 12.1 | 9.5 | 4.4 | 4.7 |
| Family income quartiles | |||||
| Bottom 25% | 26.8 | 41.1 | 20.7 | 15.9 | 17.2 |
| Lower 25% | 25.5 | 27.8 | 30.0 | 24.0 | 18.3 |
| Upper 25% | 27.7 | 20.4 | 33.0 | 34.4 | 28.7 |
| Top 25% | 20.0 | 10.8 | 16.3 | 25.6 | 35.9 |
| Region | |||||
| North/Northeast | 13.7 | 16.9 | 5.1 | 11.4 | 18.5 |
| East | 34.0 | 33.7 | 25.4 | 37.0 | 39.1 |
| South-Central | 31.0 | 30.6 | 34.7 | 33.9 | 24.2 |
| West | 21.3 | 18.8 | 34.8 | 17.8 | 18.2 |
| PCG years of education | 8.3 (3.9) | 7.5 (3.4) | 5.8 (3.8) | 8.3 (3.4) | 11.5 (3.5) |
| PCG’s emotional distressa | 11.2 (3.6) | 11.0 (3.5) | 12.0 (3.8) | 11.3 (3.4) | 10.9 (3.5) |
| PCG’s parenting practicesb | 22.9 (7.6) | 21.7 (7.6) | 19.8 (7.3) | 24.4 (7.1) | 26.3 (7.0) |
| Internalizing BPI | 15.0 (3.2) | 15.0 (3.1) | 15.3 (3.1) | 15.0 (3.2) | 14.8 (3.2) |
| Externalizing BPI | 24.7 (5.5) | 24.4 (5.3) | 25.1 (5.5) | 25.0 (5.6) | 24.3 (5.5) |
| N | 4,338 | 1,692 | 767 | 1,104 | 775 |
a
Range: 6 – 30
b
Range: 8 – 40