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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Res. 2018 Sep 17;77:130–147. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.09.002

Appendix B.

BPI measures

Question I (internalizing behavior problems) or E (externalizing behavior problems)
a (He/She) has sudden changes in mood or feeling. E
b (He/She) feels or complains that no one loves him/her. I
c (He/She) is rather high strung and nervous. I
d (He/She) cheats or tells lies. I|E
e (He/She) is too fearful or anxious. I
f (He/She) argues too much E
g (He/She) has difficulty concentrating, cannot pay attention for long. E
h (He/She) is easily confused, seems to be in a fog. I
i (He/She) bullies or is cruel or mean to others. E
j (He/She) is disobedient. E
k (He/She)does not seem to feel sorry after (he/she)misbehaves. E
l (He/She) has trouble getting along with other children I|E
m (He/She) is impulsive, or acts without thinking. E
n (He/She) feels worthless or inferior. I
o (He/She) is not liked by other children. I
p (He/She) has difficulty getting (his/her) mind off certain thoughts. I
q (He/She) is restless or overly active, cannot sit still E
r (He/She) is stubborn, sullen, or irritable. E
s (He/She) has a very strong temper and loses it easily. E
t (He/She) is unhappy, sad or depressed. I
u (He/She) is withdrawn, does not get involved with others. I
v (He/She) breaks things on purpose or deliberately destroys (his/her)own or another’s things. I|E
w (He/She) clings to adults. E
x (He/She) cries too much. E
y (He/She) demands a lot of attention. E
z (He/She) is too dependent on others. E