Appendix D.

Percentage Distribution of Primary Caregivers (PCG) for Left-behind Children, by Living Arrangement.

Relationship to PCG	Left behind by father	Left behind by mother	Left behind by both parents
Mother	94.6	0.0	0.0
Father	0.0	67.8	0.0
Paternal grandparents	3.8	26.5	87.2
Maternal grandparents	1.1	5.8	8.7
Other Relatives	0.5	0.0	4.2
Total	100	100	100
Unweighted N	(297)	(55)	(415)

Description:

When children were left behind by fathers mothers usually were the primary caregiver (95%). In 5% of the cases grandparents and other relatives assumed the primary caregiving role. When mothers migrated, fathers undertook the primary caregiving role in 68% of the cases. For the rest of these children, grandparents became their primary caregivers, especially paternal grandparents. Finally, of children left behind by both parents, care by paternal grandparents was the dominant family arrangements (87%). About 9% children were left in the custody of maternal grandparents and 4% with other relatives.