Table 1. Showing distribution of social-demographic characteristics of 18,991 participants by sex.
| Country | Kenya | Malawi | South Africa | |||||||||
| Variable | N(%) | Male n (%) | Female n(%) | P value | N(%) | Male n(%) | Female n(%) | P value | N(%) | Male n(%) | Female n(%) | P value |
| Overall | 6076 (100) | 2321 (100) | 3755 (100) | - | 7269 (100) | 2995 (100) | 4274 (100) | - | 5646 (100) | 2131 (100) | 3515(100) | - |
| Age group | ||||||||||||
| 15–19 | 1260 (20.7) | 579 (25.0) | 681 (18.1) | <0.001 | 1563 (21.5) | 785 (26.2) | 778 (18.2) | <0.001 | 1452 (25.7) | 679 (31.9) | 773 (22.0) | <0.001 |
| 20–34 | 2583 (42.5) | 880 (37.9) | 1703 (45.4) | 3165 (43.5) | 1200 (40.1) | 1965 (46.0) | 2335 (41.4) | 911 (42.8) | 1424 (40.5) | |||
| 35–44 | 1097 (18.1) | 399 (17.2) | 698 (18.6) | 1392 (19.2) | 570 (19.0) | 822 (19.2) | 785 (13.9) | 251 (11.8) | 534 (15.2) | |||
| 45–59 | 1136 (18.7) | 463 (20.0) | 673 (17.9) | 1149 (15.8) | 440 (14.7) | 709 (16.6) | 1074 (19.0) | 290 (13.6) | 784 (22.3) | |||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Primary or less | 5046 (83.1) | 1764 (76.1) | 3282 (87.4) | <0.001 | 5444 (74.9) | 2024 (67.7) | 3420 (80.1) | <0.001 | 2841 (50.3) | 1075 (50.5) | 1766 (50.2) | 0.87 |
| Sec. or more | 1026 (16.9) | 555(23.9) | 471 (12.6) | 1820 (25.0) | 968 (32.4) | 852 (19.9) | 2802 (49.7) | 1055 (49.5) | 1749(49.8) | |||
| Missing | 4(0.1) | 2 | 2 | 5 (0.1) | 3 | 2 | 1 (0.02) | 0 | 1 | |||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Never married | 1291 (21.3) | 773 (33.5) | 518 (13.9) | <0.001 | 1703 (23.5) | 1061 (35.6) | 642 (15.1) | <0.001 | 4232 (75.0) | 1786 (83.9) | 2446 (69.6) | <0.001 |
| Married/living with partner | 4133 (68.0) | 1474 (63.9) | 2659 (71.2) | 4648 (63.9) | 1822 (61.1) | 2826 (66.4) | 1198 (21.2) | 294 (13.8) | 904 (25.7) | |||
| Widowed | 511 (8.4) | 18 (0.8) | 493 (13.2) | 262 (3.6) | 11 (0.4) | 251 (5.9) | 107 (1.9) | 10 (0.5) | 97 (2.8) | |||
| Divorced/ Separated |
105 (1.7) | 42 (1.8) | 63 (1.7) | 626 (8.6) | 89 (3.0) | 537 (12.6) | 104 (1.8) | 39 (1.8) | 65 (1.9) | |||
| Missing | 36 (0.6) | 14 | 22 | 30 (0.4) | 12 | 19 | 5(0.1) | 3 | 2 | |||
| Occupation | ||||||||||||
| Farming | 3911 (64.4) | 1304 (56.2) | 2619 (69.3) | <0.001 | 3282 (45.2) | 1219 (40.7) | 2063 (48.1) | <0.001 | 317 (5.6) | 141 (6.6) | 176 (5.0) | <0.001 |
| Salaried employment | 803 (13.2) | 369 (16.0) | 437(11.6) | 1803 (24.8) | 916 (30.8) | 887 (20.8) | 375 (6.6) | 164 (7.7) | 211 (6.0) | |||
| Student/None | 1288 (21.2) | 608 (26.2) | 688(18.2) | 2136 (29.4) | 831 (27.8) | 1305 (30.7) | 4689 (83.1) | 1675 (78.6) | 3014 (85.8) | |||
| Other | 67 (1.1) | 38 (1.6) | 29(0.8) | 31 (0.4) | 21 (0.7) | 10 (0.2) | 265 (4.7) | 151 (7.1) | 114 (3.2) | |||
| Missing | 7 (0.1) | 2 | 5 | 17 (0.2) | 8 | 9 | 0 | |||||
| Country | Kenya | Malawi | South Africa | |||||||||
| Variable | N(%) | Male n(%) | Female n(%) | P value | N(%) | Male n(%) | Female n(%) | P value | N(%) | Male n(%) | Female n(%) | P value |
| Residency status | ||||||||||||
| Resident | 5991 (98.6) | 2305 (99.3) | 3686 (98.2) | <0.001 | 7200 (99.1) | 2973 (99.3) | 4227 (99.0) | 0.23 | 5400 (95.6) | 2022 (94.9) | 3378 (96.1) | 0.03 |
| Visitor | 82 (1.4) | 16 (0.7) | 66 (1.8) | 65 (0.9) | 22 (0.7) | 43 (1.0) | 246 (4.4) | 109 (5.1) | 137 (3.9) | |||
| Missing | 3 (0.1) | 0 | 3 | 4 (0.1) | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Pregnancy < = 50yrs | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 338 (9.9) | 338 (9.9) | 257 (6.6) | 257 (6.6) | 130 (4.3) | 130 (4.3) | ||||||
| No | 3023 (88.2) | 3023 (88.2) | 3627 (92.8) | 3627 (93.0) | 2858 (93.9) | 2858 (94.0) | ||||||
| Don’t know | 68 (2.0) | 68(2.0) | 17 (0.4) | 17 (0.4) | 53 (1.7) | 53 (1.7) | ||||||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 8 (0.2) | 8 | 2 (0.1) | 2 | ||||||
| Currently breastfeeding | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 1095 (52.6) | 1095 (52.9) | 1197 (55.2) | 1197 (55.5) | 307 (31.2) | 307 (31.2) | ||||||
| No | 976 (46.9) | 976 (47.1) | 961 (44.4) | 961 (44.5) | 677 (68.8) | 677 (68.8) | ||||||
| Missing | 12 (0.6) | 12 | 9 (0.4) | 9 | 0 | |||||||