Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Variables | Severe sepsis n = 421 (53.9%) | Septic Shock n = 339 (46.1%) |
|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographics: | ||
| Age (Mean ± SD in years) | 59.6 ± 17.2 | 60.2 ± 17.9 |
| Gender [N(%)] | ||
| Male | 242 (57.5) | 196 (57.7) |
| Female | 179 (42.4) | 143 (42.2) |
| Comorbids: | ||
| Malignancy [N(%)] | ||
| No | 386 (91.7) | 296 (87.4) |
| Yes | 35 (8.2) | 43 (12.6) |
| Cardiovascular [N(%)] | ||
| No | 202 (48.7) | 173 (51.1) |
| Yes | 219 (51.2) | 166 (48.9) |
| Diabetes [N(%)] | ||
| No | 185 (44.0) | 172 (50.7) |
| Yes | 236 (56.0) | 167 (49.2) |
| Neurological [N(%)] | ||
| No | 366 (87.0) | 298 (88) |
| Yes | 55 (12.2) | 41 (12.0) |
| Congestive heart failure [N(%)] | ||
| No | 17 (3.9) 404 (96.1) | 20 (5.8) |
| Yes | 404 (96.1) | 319 (94.2) |
| Psychiatric illness [N(%)] | ||
| No | 419 (99.5) | 337 (99.4) |
| Yes | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.6) |
| Others comorbidities [N(%)] | ||
| No | 396 (94) | 292 (86) |
| Yes | 25 (5.9) | 47 (13.8) |
| Lower Respiratory tract infection [N (%)] | ||
| No | 234 (56) | 128 (37.7) |
| Yes | 187 (44) | 211 (62.2) |
| Urinary tract infection [N(%)] | ||
| No | 158 (77.0) | 271 (80.0) |
| Yes | 47 (22.9) | 68 (20.0) |
| Gastrointestinal infection [N(%)] | ||
| No | 320 (76.1) | 283 (83.4) |
| Yes | 101 (23.9) | 56 (16.5) |
| Skin/Joint infection [N(%)] | ||
| No | 365 (86.9) | 315 (93.1) |
| Yes | 56 (13.1) | 24 (7.0) |
| Hepatobiliary infection [N(%)] | ||
| No | 412 (97.9) | 329 (97.1) |
| Yes | 9 (2.11) | 10 (2.86) |
| Other sources [N(%)] | ||
| No | 382 (90.7) | 325 (95.8) |
| Yes | 39 (9.27) | 14 (4.0) |
| Unit of admission [N(%)] | ||
| Special care unit | 370 (88.8) | 136 (40.0) |
| Intensive care unit | 51 (12.1) | 203 (60.0) |
| SOFAparameters: | ||
| Lactate (Mean±SD in mmol/L) | 2.9 ± 2.79 | 4.2 ± 3.7 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio in mmHg [N(%)] | ||
| 0 | 49 (11.6) | 20 (5.8) |
| <400 = +1 | 215 (51.0) | 114 (33.6) |
| <300 = +2 | 104 (24.7) | 84 (24.7) |
| <200 & mechanically ventilated = +3 | 49 (11.6) | 90 (26.6) |
| <100 & mechanically ventilated = +4 | 4 (0.95) | 31 (9.2) |
| Platelets (×103/μL)[N(%)] | ||
| 0 | 310 (73.6) | 190 (56.0) |
| <150 = +1 | 55 (13.0) | 81 (24.0) |
| <100 = +2 | 33 (7.8) | 31 (9.1) |
| <50 = +3 | 18 (4.39) | 27 (8.0) |
| <20 = +4 | 5 (1.18) | 10 (2.9) |
| GCS[N(%)] | ||
| 0 | 111 (26.3) | 42 (12.3) |
| +1 | 238 (56.5) | 193 (57.1) |
| +2 | 47 (11.2) | 66 (19.4) |
| +3 | 20 (4.8) | 29 (8.5) |
| +4 | 4 (0.98) | 9 (2.8) |
| Total bilirubin in mg/dl [N(%)] | ||
| 0 | 304 (72.2) | 201 (59.4) |
| 1.2–1.9 = +1 | 55 (13.0) | 66 (19.4) |
| 2–5.9 = +2 | 31 (7.3) | 42 (12.5) |
| 6–11.9 = +3 | 18 (4.2) | 12 (3.5) |
| >12 = +4 | 13 (3.0) | 18 (5.3) |
| MAP or administration of vasopressin mics/kg/min [N(%)] | ||
| No hypotension = 0 | 170 (40.4) | 33 (9.7) |
| MAP < 70 mmHg = +1 | 127 (30.2) | 58 (17.1) |
| Dopamine ≤5 or dobutamine (any dose) = +2 | 16 (3.9) | 7 (2.2) |
| Dopamine >5 OR epinephrine ≤0.1 OR norepinephrine ≤ 0.1 = +3 | 99 (23.5) | 163 (48) |
| Dopamine >15 OR epinephrine >0.1 OR norepinephrine >0.1 = +4 | 9 (1.9) | 78 (22) |
| Creatinine in mg/dl [N(%)] | ||
| <1.2 = 0 | 100 (23.9) | 66 (19.4) |
| 1.2–1.9 = +1 | 85 (20.9) | 81 (24.0) |
| 2.0–3.4 = +2 | 57 (29.2) | 101 (29.7) |
| 3.5–4.9 = +3 | 124 (12.2) | 46 (13.7) |
| >5.0 = +4 | 55 (13.6) | 45 (13.1) |
| SOFA score [N(%)] | ||
| 0 to 6 = < 10% mortality | 240 (57.0) | 70 (20.5) |
| 7 to 9 = 15–20% mortality | 125 (29.7) | 130 (38.2) |
| 10 to 12 = 40–50% mortality | 46 (10.7) | 83 (24.5) |
| 13 to 14 = 50–60% mortality | 6 (1.46) | 34 (10.2) |
| 15 = >80% mortality | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.57) |
| 15 to 24 = >90% mortality | 2 (0.5) | 20 (5.7) |
| qSOFA parameters: | ||
| New/worsened altered mentation [N(%)] | ||
| No | 199 (47.3) | 99 (29.1) |
| Yes (+1) | 222 (52.6) | 240 (70.8) |
| RR ≥ 22breaths/min [N(%)] | ||
| No | 137 (32.6) | 64 (18.8) |
| Yes (+1) | 284 (67.4) | 142 (81.1) |
| SBP ≤ 100 mmHg [N(%)] | ||
| No | 220 (52.2) | 64 (18.8) |
| Yes (+1) | 201 (47.8) | 275 (81.1) |
| qSOFA risk/score [N(%)] | ||
| Low (1) | 183 (43.4) | 52 (15.4) |
| High (>1) | 238 (56.5) | 287 (84.6) |
| Mortality [N(%)] | ||
| No | 280 (66.6) | 131 (38.8) |
| Yes | 141 (33.3) | 208 (61.2) |