Table 3.
Increased protein expression in Caco‐2 cells treated with organic or inorganic copper compared to control cells (2‐hr exposure and 10‐hr recovery) with ANOVA value of p < 0.05
| Accession | ANOVA (p) | Gene name | Description | Cu Gly | Cu OAC | CuSO4 | Cu Pro |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ER/UPR/Proteosomal | |||||||
| Q92598 | 5.0E‐05 | HSPH1 | Heat‐shock protein 105 kDa | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 |
| P17066 | 1.0E‐05 | HSPA6 | Heat‐shock 70 kDa protein 6 | 2.5 | 6.2 | 2.8 | 2.6 |
| P25685 | 1.0E‐04 | DNAJB1 | DNAJ homolog subfamily B member 1 | 2.3 | 5.8 | 2.6 | 3.5 |
| P62979 | 0.04 | RPS27A | Ubiquitin‐40S ribosomal protein S27a | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.2 |
| Trafficking/signaling | |||||||
| O94907 | 0.002414 | DKK1 | Dickkopf‐related protein 1 | 1.71 | 2.35 | 2.54 | 3.51 |
| Cytoskeletal | |||||||
| Q14315 | 2.7E‐05 | FLNC | Filamin‐C | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 2.2 |
| Q5BJD5 | 0.046 | TMEM41B | Transmembrane protein 41B | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
| Q9UHB6 | 0.0281 | LIMA1 | LIM domain and actin‐binding protein 1 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
| Metabolic | |||||||
| P51857 | 0.0047 | AKR1D1 | 3‐oxo‐5‐beta‐steroid 4‐dehydrogenase | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.2 |
| Q01581 | 0.0017 | HMGCS1 | Hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA synthase, cytoplasmic | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.8 |
| Antioxidant response | |||||||
| P09601 | 6.5E‐07 | HMOX1 | Heme oxygenase 1 | 15.6 | 24.2 | 14.6 | 12.4 |
| P07602 | 0.0012 | PSAP | Prosaposin | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.0 |
| Transcription | |||||||
| P54727 | 0.0117 | RAD23B | UV excision repair protein RAD23 homolog B | 1.6 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 1.2 |
| Autophagy | |||||||
| Q13501 | 0.0003 | SQSTM1 | Sequestosome‐1 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 2.2 |
| O95817 | 0.0006 | BAG3 | BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3 | 4.3 | 8.3 | 3.9 | 4.4 |
| Metal binding | |||||||
| P02795 | 3.3E‐07 | MT2A | Metallothionein‐2 | 5.3 | 8.0 | 13.5 | 79.5 |
| P04733 | 2.7E‐07 | MT1F | Metallothionein‐1F | 24.9 | 33.2 | 75.3 | 206.5 |
| Q06481 | 0.006 | APLP2 | Amyloid‐like protein 2 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.0 |
Italic entries denote values that were not statistically significant in a paired t test with the control cells.