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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Phys Chem Lett. 2018 Oct 23;9(21):6350–6355. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02550

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1.

PESs and the associated electronic characters of ASRAT models at the FC point. A. Structure of the native all-trans rPSB chromophore and representation of its photoisomerization reaction to the 13-cis rPSB chromophore. B. Resonance structures showing electronic characters dominating the S0 (bottom), S1 (middle) and S2 (top) states of ASRAT in its vertical excitation region C. Schematic representation of the effect of electron releasing (10-methyl, Me-ASRAT) or withdrawing (9-trifluoromethyl, CF3-ASRAT) substituents on the relationship between the PESs of ASRAT at the FC region.