Table 2.

Primer elongation on rNMP-containing templates and elongation of rNMP-containing primers by wild-type and mutant TLS DNA polymerases from B-, X- and Y-families.

Family	Polymerase a	Wild type polymerase		Steric Gate mutant
		bypass b	elongation c	elongation c
A	pol θ (Hs) d		(0) e
B	pol ζ (Sc) f	80-95% (1 - 4)
X g	pol β (Hs) h	12.5% (1)	90% (<8)
	pol λ (Hs) i		70 - 300% (1)
	pol μ (Hs) j	<1% (0)	10 - 25% (1)
Y	pol IV (Ec) k		(0)	(15)
	DinB1 (Ms) l		(3)	(13)
	DinB2 (Ms) m	80 - 100 % (12)	(16)	(9)
	pol V (Ec) n		(>100)	(>1000)
	Dbh (Sa) o		(0)	90% (10)
	Dpo4 (Ss) p		(10)	(20)
	pol η (Hs) r	95%	100% (20)
	pol ι (Hs) s		100% (8)	100% (15)
	pol κ (Hs) t	90%	100% (3)

^aThe species abbreviations are as follows: Ec, Escherichia coli; Ms, Mycobacterium smegmatis; Sc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sa, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius; Ss, Sulfolobus solfataricus; Hs, Homo sapiens.

^bRelative efficiency of TLS past rNMP. Number of efficiently bypassed consecutive rNMPs in the DNA template is shown in the brackets.

^cRelative efficiency of ribonucleotide elongation using either primers with single terminal rNMP or whole RNA primers. Number of sequentially incorporated rNMPs using either primers with terminal rNMP or whole DNA primers is shown in the brackets.

^dThe data are from (Hogg et al., 2012; Kent et al., 2016).

^eData obtained on primed double stranded DNA using Mg²⁺ (Lazzaro et al., 2012). Efficient extension of single-stranded DNA by rNTP incorporation especially in the presence of Mn²⁺ is described in the 2.1.1 section.

^fData obtained using 2-subunit polymerase.

^gThe data for the X-family polymerases were obtained using single-nucleotide gapped DNA substrates except those from (Bergoglio et al., 2003).

^hThe data are from (Bergoglio et al., 2003; Cavanaugh et al., 2010; Cilli et al., 2015; Crespan et al., 2016; Nick McElhinny and Ramsden, 2003; Ramadan et al., 2003).

ⁱThe data are from (Ramadan et al., 2003).

^jWhole RNA template was tested (Nick McElhinny and Ramsden, 2003).

^kThe data are from (Jarosz et al., 2006).

^lThe data are from (Ordonez and Shuman, 2014; Ordonez et al., 2014).

^mThe data are from (Ordonez and Shuman, 2014; Ordonez et al., 2014).

ⁿThe data are from (Vaisman et al., 2012a).

^oThe data are from (DeLucia et al., 2003; DeLucia et al., 2006; Sherrer et al., 2010).

^pThe data are from (Kirouac et al., 2011).

^rThe data are from (Sassa et al., 2016).

^sThe data are from (Donigan et al., 2014).

^tThe data are from (Sassa et al., 2016; Su et al., 2017; Gali et al., 2017).