Fig 2. Impedance analysis of TGF–β1–stimulated fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and inhibition thereof with the ALK5 inhibitor EW–7197.

(A) NHLF fibroblasts were stimulated at t = 0 h with different concentrations of TGF–β1 (0–5 ng / ml) and impedance responses were followed for 48 h. (C) NHLF cells were incubated with a dilution series of the ALK5–blocker EW–7197 (0–50,000 nM) and then stimulated with 5 ng / ml TGF–β1. Impedance responses were monitored for 48 h. Concentration response curves of TGF–β1 (B), and of EW–7197 in presence of 5 ng / ml TGF–β1 (D), where then generated with baseline (0 ng / ml TGF–β1) subtracted impedance values at t = 20 h post TGF–β1 addition (mean ± SD, n = 8). Representative experiments are shown in A and C.