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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Discov Today. 2018 May 28;24(1):233–240. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.032

Figure 1.

Figure 1

CSCs) in cardiac regeneration after myocardial injury. Resting endogenous CSCs are rapidly activated after myocardial injury. These activated CSCs proliferate speedily and migrate to the injured field to directly differentiate into functional cell lineages, including CMs, ECs and SMCs. Meanwhile, exogenous factors could further enhance the regenerative capacity of endogenous CSCs. For example, engrafted CSCs that are injected into the injured border zone promote differentiation of activated CSCs into trilineage cells via paracrine effects. All these processes contribute to the improvement of the heart function. Abbreviations: CSCs, cardiac stem cells; CMs, cardiomyocytes; SMCs, smooth muscle cells; ECs, endothelial cells.