Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Schematic of the measurement of fM concentrations of metal ions, Mn+ (e.g., Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+), through electrocatalytic amplification. Oxidation of Mn+ to metal oxides (MOx) is accompanied by anodic spikes corresponding to electrocatalytic conversion of reactants, R, to products, P; e.g., water oxidation. Figure adapted from reference 30.
