Table 2.

Varimax Rotated Factor Loadings From an Exploratory Factor Analysis of 17 Verbal and Non-Verbal Behaviors Observed in the Helping Task. The behavioral examples are specific actions that illustrate each behavioral code. For each factor, the three behavioral codes with the strongest loadings on each factor are shown in bold.

Behavioral Code	Behavioral Example	Factor 1: Empathic Concern	Factor 2: Consolation	Factor 3: Disengagement	Factor 4: Impatience
Verbal
Asking  questions	“What did you drop?”	0.48	0.15	−0.1	0.22
Making  suggestions	“You could use a ruler to get the key out.”	0.62	0.06	−0.02	−0.07
Offering to  help	“Let me give you a hand.”	−0.13	−0.18	−0.06	−0.21
Offering  reassurance	“You’ll find it eventually.”	−0.15	0.3	−0.05	0.1
Validating	“Oh gosh, I don’t see it.”	0.34	0.46	−0.14	−0.16
Making self-  deprecatory  comments	“I drop things all the time too!”	0.18	0.23	−0.04	−0.09
Making  consoling  noises	“Aww.”	0	0.58	−0.02	−0.06
Asking  unrelated  questions	“I’m going to drink my Gatorade.”	0.08	0.19	0.21	0.28
Non-Verbal
Looking  impatient	Tapped foot	−0.07	−0.21	0.03	0.46
Looking  annoyed	Rolled eyes	−0.21	−0.19	0.34	0.50
Laughing	Laughed or giggled	0.24	0.73	0.05	0.04
Face-  touching	Touched face, neck, or head	0	0.22	0.23	0.05
Leaning  toward  experimenter	Leaned in chair toward experimenter	0.41	0.15	−0.18	−0.27
Gazing  toward  experimenter	Looked at experimenter	0.01	0.13	−0.72	−0.05
Gazing  around room	Looked around the room (in apparent effort to help)	0.87	−0.08	−0.04	−0.18
Staring off  into space	Passively looked into space and not at the experimenter	−0.37	−0.03	0.82	−0.04
Looking  away from  experimenter	Actively looked at another object in the room and not at experimenter	−0.18	0.16	−0.17	0.54