Table 3.

Estimated coefficients from regression models of the outcomes at baseline using inverse probability weighting.

	Wave-1 Outcomes

						C-reactive protein^c

Wave-1 predictors	Life satisfaction^a	CESD-10^a	Hypertension^b	High-risk pulse^b	Diabetes^b	Chronic inflammation	Acute infection
Urban Grandfathers
Cared for (ref: none)
Great-grandparent(s) only	0.234^*	−1.675^**	0.233	−1.315^*	−0.364	−0.194	0.476
Grandchild(ren) only	−0.014	−0.899^†	0.132	−0.654^†	0.318	−0.130	0.391
Both	−0.014	−1.244^*	−0.838^*	−0.604	−0.485	0.606	−0.274

Rural Grandfathers
Cared for (ref: none)
Great-grandparent(s) only	0.043	0.794	−0.329	0.752^*	−0.613	0.142	−0.120
Grandchild(ren) only	0.076	−0.067	−0.192	0.334	−0.179	−0.217	0.397
Both	0.090	−0.307	−0.154	0.415	0.209	0.493	−0.164

Urban Grandmothers
Cared for (ref: none)
Great-grandparent(s) only	−0.123	0.490	−0.584	−0.219	−0.192	−0.266	1.020
Grandchild(ren) only	−0.077	−0.600	0.033	0.251	0.141	−0.892^**	−0.894
Both	0.153	−0.846	−0.466	0.058	−0.225	−0.677	0.860

Rural Grandmothers
Cared for (ref: none)
Great-grandparent(s) only	0.074	1.642^*	0.218	0.677	−0.007	0.149	1.307^**
Grandchild(ren) only	0.051	0.181	−0.053	0.535	−0.160	0.037	0.277
Both	0.127f	0.595	−0.206	0.358	0.161	−0.620	−0.217

Note: ref = reference. All the models control for age, educational attainment, household income, difficulty in activities of daily living, difficulty in instrumental activities of daily living, number of adult children, weekly contact with adult children, and weekly contact with great-grandparent(s).

Ordinary least squares model.

Logit model.

Multinomial logit model and the reference category is normal level of C-reactive protein.

^†

p < 0.1;

p < 0.05;

^**

p < 0.01;

^***

p < 0.001 based on community-level cluster standard errors.