Appendix Table A2.

Estimated coefficients from lagged regression models of the outcomes at Wave 2 using multiple imputations.

	Wave-2 Outcomes
Wave-1 predictors	Life satisfactiona	CESD-10a	Hypertensionb	High-risk pulseb
Urban Grandfathers
Cared for (ref: none)
Great-grandparent(s) only	0.030	−0.211	0.210	−0.446
Grandchild(ren) only	0.019	−0.167	0.271	−0.270
Both	−0.006	0.200	0.147	−0.519
Rural Grandfathers
Cared for (ref: none)
Great-grandparent(s) only	0.052	−0.256	−0.465	0.441
Grandchild(ren) only	−0.008	0.041	−0.007	0.454†
Both	0.049	−0.061	−0.241	0.515
Urban Grandmothers
Cared for (ref: none)
Great-grandparent(s) only	0.060	−0.058	−0.481	0.243
Grandchild(ren) only	0.085	0.010	0.112	−0.286
Both	0.095	0.010	−0.133	−0.250
Rural Grandmothers
Cared for (ref: none)
Great-grandparent(s) only	−0.056	0.397	−0.293	0.016
Grandchild(ren) only	−0.063	0.721*	−0.026	0.091
Both	0.087	0.017	−0.156	−0.127

Note: ref = reference. All the models control for age, educational attainment, household income, difficulty in activities of daily living, difficulty in instrumental activities of daily living, number of adult children, weekly contact with adult children, and weekly contact with great-grandparent(s).

^aOrdinary least squares model.

^bLogit model.

^†p < 0.1;

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01;

^***p < 0.001 based on community-level cluster standard errors.