Table 2.
Factors for Sub-Saharan migrant integration in France, per sex (N = 418) (discrete-time regressions, coefficients presented as Odds ratios)
| Men (N = 208) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | First access to own dwelling | First access to legal permit ≥ 1 year | First access to autonomy-generating activity | First access to settlement (combined indicator) | |
| Time since arrival in France | 0.87 [0.81, 0.95] | 1.02 [0.97, 1.07] | 0.61 [0.49, 0.76] | 1.04 [0.99, 1.10] | |
| Period of arrival | |||||
| Before 1996 (ref) | 38 | 1.00 | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] |
| 1996–2004 | 36 | 0.69 [0.42, 1.13] | 0.85 [0.55, 1.33] | 0.82 [0.42, 1.60] | 0.88 [0.57, 1.34] |
| 2005–2011 | 26 | 0.55 [0.28, 1.08] | 0.80 [0.39, 1.65] | 0.32 [0.16, 0.64] | 0.61 [0.27, 1.36] |
| Region of birth | |||||
| Western Africa (ref) | 71 | 1.00 | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] |
| Central. E and S Africa | 29 | 0.77 [0.46, 1.30] | 1.15 [0.63, 2.09] | 0.99 [0.52, 1.89] | 0.87 [0.48, 1.57] |
| Age at arrival | |||||
| 18–27 (ref) | 47 | 1.00 | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] |
| 28+ | 53 | 0.73[0.48, 1.14] | 0.72 [0.46, 1.11] | 0.75 [0.41, 1.39] | 0.65 [0.42, 1.02] |
| Educational level at arrival | |||||
| None/Primary (ref) | 40 | 1.00 | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] |
| Secondary | 41 | 1.32 [0.75, 2.34] | 1.57 [0.90, 2.75] | 1.31 [0.69, 2.50] | 1.86 [1.04, 3.31] |
| Superior | 19 | 2.19 [1.03, 4.64] | 3.07 [1.48, 6.36] | 1.93 [0.77, 4.87] | 4.15 [1.86, 9.24] |
| Marital status at arrival | |||||
| Alone (ref) | 53 | 1.00 | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] |
| Stable partner in France | 27 | 1.85 [1.06, 3.21] | 1.57 [0.94, 2.64] | 0.88 [0.43, 1.77] | 1.61 [0.96, 2.68] |
| Stable partner abroad | 19 | 0.97 [0.54, 1.73] | 0.90 [0.52, 1.55] | 1.07 [0.51, 2.21] | 0.88 [0.47, 1.63] |
| Migration motive | |||||
| Family reasons + medical (ref) | 63 | 1.00 | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] |
| Find a job/take a chance/studies | 13 | 0.98 [0.55, 1.74] | 1.40 [0.80, 2.46] | 1.09 [0.46, 2.58] | 1.02 [0.58, 1.80] |
| Threatened in his/her country | 24 | 0.92[0.46, 1.82] | 1.10 [0.54, 2.21] | 0.79 [0.34, 1.86] | 0.92 [0.49, 1.75] |
| Already lived in France before | 3 | 1.11 [0.43, 2.90] | 4.98 [1.89, 13.11] | – | 1.83 [0.73, 4.59] |
| Women (N = 210) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | First access to own dwelling | First access to legal permit ≥ 1 year | First access to autonomy-generating activity | First access to settlement (combined indicator) | |
| Time since arrival in France | 0.90 [0.83, 0.98] | 1.01 [0.95, 1.07] | 0.93 [0.88, 0.98] | 1.04 [1.00, 1.08] | |
| Period of arrival | |||||
| Before 1996 (ref) | 36 | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] |
| 1996–2004 | 38 | 0.70 [0.40, 1.20] | 1.02 [0.64, 1.63] | 0.74 [0.40, 1.34] | 0.86 [0.55, 1.34] |
| 2005–2011 | 26 | 0.35 [0.18, 0.67] | 1.21 [0.69, 2.14] | 0.42 [0.21, 0.87] | 0.61 [0.32, 1.18] |
| Region of birth | |||||
| Western Africa (ref) | 50 | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] |
| Central. E and S Africa | 50 | 0.88 [0.52, 1.49] | 0.87 [0.57, 1.33] | 0.66 [0.40, 1.08] | 0.77 [0.49, 1.21] |
| Age at arrival | |||||
| 18–27 (ref) | 45 | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] |
| 28+ | 55 | 1.16 [0.70, 1.92] | 0.97 [0.65, 1.45] | 0.93 [0.57, 1.51] | 0.95 [0.60, 1.49] |
| Educational level at arrival | |||||
| None/Primary (ref) | 27 | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] |
| Secondary | 58 | 1.09 [0.62, 1.91] | 0.79 [0.46, 1.34] | 2.24 [1.27, 3.97] | 1.51 [0.87, 2.62] |
| Superior | 13 | 1.65 [0.62, 4.38] | 0.68 [0.28, 1.63] | 5.47 [2.39, 12.53] | 2.02 [0.80, 5.11] |
| Marital status at arrival | |||||
| Alone (ref) | 32 | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] |
| Stable partner in France | 59 | 2.28 [1.40, 3.72] | 1.70 [1.02, 2.82] | 0.77 [0.40, 1.50] | 1.48 [0.90, 2.42] |
| Stable partner abroad | 9 | 0.70 [0.35, 1.41] | 0.87 [0.38, 2.01] | 0.67 [0.27, 1.69] | 1.04 [0.51, 2.13] |
| Migration motive | |||||
| Family reasons + medical (ref) | 31 | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 1.00] |
| Find a job/take a chance/studies | 50 | 0.83 [0.51, 1.35] | 0.97 [0.59, 1.58] | 2.19 [1.18, 4.07] | 1.60 [1.04, 2.47] |
| Threatened in his/her country | 20 | 0.55 [0.29, 1.03] | 0.54 [0.27, 1.07] | 2.54 [1.33, 4.84] | 1.05 [0.52, 2.10] |
| Already lived in France before | 3 | 0.98 [0.38, 2.54] | 0.89 [0.38, 2.09] | 0.96 [0.42, 2.18] | 0.98 [0.38, 2.50] |
Adjusted Odds ratios, *p < 0.05 **p < 0.01
Source: PARCOURS survey, 2012–2013