Table 1.

Predictions of different accounts of post-error adjustments at a mechanistic level, in the framework of the multistage drift-diffusion model, and for beta power lateralisation

Account	Response threshold	Selective attention or weighting of evidence from different perceptual sources			Decision parameters in the multistage drift-diffusion model				beta power lateralisation (BPL)
		Flanker input	Target input	Weighting flanker vs. target	Boundary	Drift rate	flanker weight	Non-decision time	Peak amplitude	Early flanker-induced BPL to wrong side	Early BPL slope
Orienting	+a	–	–	x	+a	–	x	+ a	+a	x or –	–
Adaptive	+b	–c	+ c	–b	+	x or +	–b	x	+b	–b	x or +
Findings	+	–	x	–	+	–	–	x	+	–	x

+ = increased in post-error relative to post-correct trials; − = decreased in post-error relative to post-correct trials; x = no change; bold: dissociations in predictions of the two accounts

^aThe orienting account could explain post-error slowing by two mechanisms that could replace each other: increased response threshold (i.e., reduced corticospinal excitability, reflected in increased boundary in the DDM and higher peak amplitudes of BPL) or prolonged non-decision time

^bThe adaptive account could explain post-error increases in accuracy by two complementary and mutually non-exclusive mechanisms: increased response threshold enabling longer evidence accumulation and/or suppression of evidence from flanker input relative to evidence from target

^cThe account does not distinguish between enhanced target processing or suppressed flanker processing