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. 2018 Nov 22;9:2831. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02831

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Copyright © 2018 Hua, Yan and Wan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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General view of the biological effects mediated by EspF binding to host proteins. EspF interacts with SNX9 to promote endocytosis of the Crb3 protein; combines with SNX9, N-WASP, and Arp2/3 proteins to maturate pedestals; regulates actin polymerization to induce remodeling of cell membranes and potentially promote colonization of pathogenic bacteria; cooperates with Arp2/3, profilin, actin, and ZO-1 to redistribute actin and potentially disrupt the TJs; interacts with 14-3-3ζ and CK18 to redistribute intermediate filaments, which may also promote the destruction of TJs; interacts with Abcf2, which may mediate apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway; and interacts with Anxa6, which may downregulate EGFR levels and inhibit phagocytosis.