Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Enrolled HIV+ Patients
| Characteristics | Overall | Rosuvastatin | Placebo | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 147 | 72 | 75 | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Females (%) | 32 (21.8) | 14 (19.4) | 18 (24.0) | .64 |
| African American (%) | 100 (68.0) | 50 (69.4) | 50 (66.7) | .99 |
| Current smoking (%) | 93 (63.3) | 43 (59.7) | 50 (66.7) | .40 |
| Agea | 45.41 (9.93) | 45.39 (9.14) | 45.42 (10.70) | .98 |
| Metabolic and Cardiovascular Parameters | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.07 (6.49) | 28.05 (6.35) | 28.09 (6.66) | .97 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 122.66 (16.44) | 124.56 (17.91) | 120.84 (14.79) | .17 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.66 (9.67) | 79.53 (9.33) | 77.83 (9.98) | .29 |
| Framingham score | 4.95 (4.56) | 5.03 (4.80) | 4.88 (4.34) | .85 |
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | 119.37 (43.19) | 119.71 (42.63) | 119.05 (44.00) | .93 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 172.24 (28.90) | 166.90 (29.32) | 177.36 (27.73) | .03 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 94.35 (24.93) | 92.15 (24.17) | 96.47 (25.63) | .30 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 48.63 (15.86) | 48.56 (16.44) | 48.71 (15.40) | .95 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.05 (0.34) | 4.01 (0.36) | 4.09 (0.33) | .17 |
| Hepatitis | ||||
| Active hepatitis B (%) | 7 (5%) | 3 (4%) | 4 (5%) | >.99 |
| Active hepatitis C (%) | 12 (8%) | 5 (7%) | 7 (9%) | >.99 |
| Inflammation and Immune Activation | ||||
| Interleukin-6 (pg/mL) | 4.48 (9.36) | 5.42 (13.14) | 3.57 (2.33) | .23 |
| hsCRPc (μg/mL) | 2.20 [0.90, 4.50] |
2.30 [0.90, 5.00] | 2.10 [0.90, 4.25] | .49 |
| ICAM (ng/mL) | 245.52 (109.62) | 248.10 (115.68) | 243.04 (104.19) | .78 |
| VCAM (ng/mL) | 722.40 (295.58) | 760.64 (322.79) | 685.70 (263.85) | .13 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 0.30 (0.36) | 0.32 (0.39) | 0.27 (0.32) | .42 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 423.11 (129.50) | 433.56 (145.36) | 413.08 (112.28) | .34 |
| TNFα-receptor I (pg/mL) | 1845.75 (812.91) | 1876.32 (820.29) | 1816.40 (810.19) | .66 |
| TNFα-receptor II (pg/mL) | 2337.56 (836.68) | 2461.42 (878.05) | 2218.65 (782.42) | .08 |
| IP-10 (pg/mL) | 219.40 [155.61, 347.12] |
224.63 [170.21, 351.76] |
219.40 [144.19, 336.55] |
.48 |
| sCD14 (ng/mL) | 2267.40 (1361.37) | 2440.45 (1833.86) | 2101.28 (610.56) | .13 |
| sCD163 (ng/mL) | 734.49 (361.31) | 747.51 (392.81) | 721.99 (330.44) | .67 |
| CD14+CD16+ monocytes (%) | 12.19 (6.07) | 12.95 (6.11) | 11.48 (5.99) | .15 |
| CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ T cells (%) | 5.68 (2.93) | 5.97 (3.34) | 5.41 (2.47) | .25 |
| CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+ T cells (%) | 14.83 (9.41) | 16.15 (10.26) | 13.60 (8.43) | .11 |
| Gut Integrity and Microbial Translocation | ||||
| Zonulin (ng/mL) | 9250.35 (7261.71) | 10 259.15 (9127.96) | 8206.76 (4451.71) | .13 |
| Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (pg/mL) | 4529.99 (3206.82) | 4561.53 (3186.75) | 4497.36 (3254.97) | .91 |
| Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (µg/mL) | 20.80 (10.85) | 21.11 (10.91) | 20.49 (10.87) | .76 |
| Surrogate Markers of CVD | ||||
| Carotid intima media thickness (mm) | 0.70 (0.14) | 0.72 (0.16) | 0.69 (0.11) | .18 |
| HIV Variables | ||||
| CD4 (cells/µL) | 639.88 (300) | 636 (314) | 644 (287) | .88 |
| HIV <50 copies/mL (%) | 113 (77%) | 33 (48%) | 56 (78%) | .79 |
| ART duration (months) | 86 (63) | 87 (62) | 84 (64) | .78 |
| TDF use (%) | 130 (88%) | 66 (88%) | 64 (89%) | >.99 |
| Protease inhibitors (%) | 73 (50%) | 36 (50%) | 37 (49%) | .79 |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule; IP-10, interferon γ-inducible protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; sCD14, soluble CD14; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule.
aAll normally distributed continuous variables are summarized as mean (standard deviation).
bCategorical variables are summarized with counts, percentages.
cAll skewed continuous variables are summarized as median [1st quartile, 3rd quartile].