Table 5. Multivariable linear regression analysis for TSQM scores^a.

Characteristics		Effectiveness		Side effects		Convenience		Global satisfaction
		β	Pb	β	Pb	β	Pb	β	Pb
Sex, male		0.07	0.95	−0.48	0.69	0.93	0.62	0.08	0.95
Age, yr		0.03	0.60	−0.01	0.85	0.09	0.31	0.02	0.79
BMI						−0.09	0.65
Type of NVAF
	Paroxysmal	1.72	0.29	2.21	0.16			−0.24	0.90
	Persistent	0.69	0.66	2.83	0.06			1.65	0.38
	Long-standing persistent	−5.56	0.02	−0.72	0.76			−6.77	0.02
	Permanent	2.00	0.32	0.262	0.90			1.43	0.56
	Unknown	−2.29	0.36	−2.19	0.36			−3.88	0.20
Mental co-morbid conditions, yes		−4.48	0.04
Alcohol use
	Past drinker			−0.80	0.50
	Current drinker			2.15	0.06
Smoking
	Past smoker					2.92	0.08
	Current smoker					1.46	0.57
Education
	≤ Elementary school	−2.48	0.16	1.68	0.32	0.09	0.97	−0.22	0.92
	≤ Middle school	0.16	0.94	1.18	0.53	3.02	0.24	1.96	0.41
	≤ High school	−0.71	0.70	3.29	0.07	−1.35	0.57	−1.56	0.49
	≤ University	−1.86	0.36	−1.04	0.59	1.39	0.59	−3.06	0.21
	≥ Post-graduation school	0.95	0.73	3.71	0.16	7.45	0.04	1.37	0.68
CHA2DS2-VASc Score		0.11	0.81	0.07	0.87	0.13	0.84	0.01	0.99
HAS-BLED Score						1.58	0.12
VKA dosage, mg/day						1.71	< 0.01
Well controlled INR						−0.66	0.63
VKA Tx.
	Continue			1.50	0.46			2.66	0.30
	Discontinue & switching to other antithrombotics			−2.55	0.26			0.20	0.94

TSQM = treatment satisfaction questionnaire for medication, BMI = body mass index, NVAF = non-valvular atrial fibrillation, VKA = vitamin K antagonist, INR = international normalized ratio.

^aAdjusted variables were selected from univariate results (P < 0.1) and other clinically selected variables by physicians; ^bP value calculated by multiple linear regression analysis. Reference category: sex (female), type of NVAF (first diagnosed), mental co-morbid conditions (No), alcohol use (non-drinker), smoking (non-smoker), education (no education), VKA treatment (discontinue & no switching to other antithrombotics), INR (poor controlled).