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. 2018 Nov 16;12:399. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00399

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Copyright © 2018 Pepper, Pitman, Cullen and Young.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Oligodendrocytes perform multiple functions in the developing and adult CNS. (1) Oligodendrocytes elaborate and remodel myelin internodes. (2) Oligodendrocytes secrete extracellular matrix molecules, such as brevican, which trigger the clustering of NaV1.2 into pre-nodes. Myelination is also important for nodal maturation (NaV1.2 is exchanged for NaV1.6) and nodal maintenance. (3) Oligodendrocytes and their myelin modulate neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release. (4) Oligodendrocytes provide lactate to axons via the periaxonal space and remove K⁺ ions.

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