Table 2.
Glaucoma neuroprotective drug development pipeline.
| Agent | Administration | Agent mechanism class | Mechanism of action | ClinicalTrials.gov identifier | Phase/Status | Sponsor | Start date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rhNGF | Eye drops | Neurotrophic factors | Pro-survival/ neuroprotection | NCT02855450 | Ib/Recruiting | Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A. | December 2016 |
| NT-501 (CNTF-secreting cells) | Implant | Cell therapy/ neurotrophic factors | Pro-survival/ neuroprotection | NCT02862938 | II/Recruiting | Stanford University | June 2016 |
| Ginkgo biloba extract | Oral | Antioxidant/ neuroprotection | Antioxidant/ improving ocular blood flow | NCT02376114 | II | Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital | August 2011 |
| GlaucoHealth1 | Oral | Antioxidant/ neuroprotection | Antioxidant/Anti-inflammatory | NCT02984813 | I/Active, not recruiting | The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary | April 2016 |
| BMSC | Intraocular injection | Stem cells | Replacement of damaged cells | NCT03011541 | Not applicable/ Recruiting | MD Stem Cells | January 2016 |
| BMSC | Intraocular injection | Stem cells | Replacement of damaged cells | NCT01920867 | Not applicable/ recruiting | MD Stem Cells | August 2013 |
| BMSC | Intraocular injection | Stem cells | Replacement of damaged cells | NCT02330978 | I/Recruiting | University of Sao Paulo | January 2014 |
| ADRC | Intraocular injection | Stem cells | Replacement of damaged cells | NCT02144103 | II/Recruiting | Kremlin Hospital2 | May 2014 |
| ANX007 | Intraocular injection | Other (biological – antibody) | C1q inhibition | NCT03488550 | I/Recruiting | Annexon, Inc. | March 2018 |
There are 1,287 interventions/treatments registered in ClinicalTrials.gov for glaucoma (accessed May 31, 2018), of which 9 agents may exert direct neuroprotective effects on the retina and/or optic nerve. See the text for further details on the classes. 1Alpha lipoic acid, citicoline, Co-enzyme Q10, Ginkgo biloba extract, grape seed extract, N-acetyl-cysteine, curcumin, and green tea extract. 2Central Clinical Hospital w/Outpatient Health Centre of Business Administration for the President of Russian Federation. rhNGF, recombinant human NGF; BMSC, autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells; ADRC, adipose-derived regenerative cells.