Table 4.
ICS and OS use-stratified tuberculosis and pneumonia incidence and hazard ratios.
| With ICSs | Without ICSs | |||
| Statin | Statin | |||
| No (n = 2148) | Yes (n = 558) | No (n = 7058) | Yes (n = 1492) | |
| Tuberculosis | ||||
| No. of event | 76 | 12 | 308 | 25 |
| Incidence rate | 5.33 | 2.54 | 7.53 | 2.07 |
| cHR (95% CI) | 1 (Reference) | 0.49 (0.26, 0.89) * | 1 (Reference) | 0.31 (0.20, 0.46) *** |
| aHR (95% CI) a | 1 (Reference) | 0.60 (0.31, 1.16) | 1 (Reference) | 0.44 (0.29, 0.67) *** |
| Pneumonia | ||||
| No. of event | 151 | 26 | 591 | 61 |
| Incidence rate | 10.8 | 5.56 | 14.7 | 5.09 |
| cHR (95% CI) | 1 (Reference) | 0.52 (0.34, 0.78) ** | 1 (Reference) | 0.37 (0.29, 0.48) *** |
| aHR (95% CI) a | 1 (Reference) | 0.61 (0.39, 0.95) * | 1 (Reference) | 0.48 (0.36, 0.63) *** |
| With OSs | Without Oss | |||
| Statin | Statin | |||
| No (n = 6876) | Yes (n = 1674) | No (n = 2330) | Yes (n = 376) | |
| Tuberculosis | ||||
| No. of event | 237 | 34 | 147 | 3 |
| Incidence rate | 5.61 | 2.46 | 11.4 | 1.02 |
| cHR (95% CI) | 1 (Reference) | 0.46 (0.32, 0.66) *** | 1 (Reference) | 0.10 (0.03, 0.32) *** |
| aHR (95% CI) a | 1 (Reference) | 0.58 (0.40, 0.85) ** | 1 (Reference) | 0.16 (0.05, 0.53) ** |
| Pneumonia | ||||
| No. of event | 534 | 79 | 208 | 8 |
| Incidence rate | 12.9 | 5.76 | 16.1 | 2.72 |
| cHR (95% CI) | 1 (Reference) | 0.46 (0.36, 0.58) *** | 1 (Reference) | 0.19 (0.09, 0.38) *** |
| aHR (95% CI) a | 1 (Reference) | 0.57 (0.45, 0.74) *** | 1 (Reference) | 0.26 (0.12, 0.53) *** |
Incidence in per 1000 person-years. a Data adjusted for age, sex, urbanization level, monthly income, occupation, comorbidities (sleep disorders, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, mental disorders, alcohol-related illness, chronic kidney disease, tobacco use, CAD, stroke, and acute respiratory failure), and use of medication (ICSs and OSs). Abbreviations: cHR, crude hazard ratio; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; ICSs, inhaled corticosteroids; OSs, oral steroids. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.