Table 3.
Prevalence of target organ damage and metabolic abnormalities by sex and age.
| Sex | Age group (years) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boys | Girls | p-value | 6–8 | 9–11 | 12–14 | 15–17 | p-value | |
| (N = 238) | (N = 95) | (N = 53) | (N = 62) | (N = 97) | (N = 121) | |||
| HEART | ||||||||
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 32.2 | 33.0 | 0.895 | 28.3 | 40.3 | 34.7 | 28.2 | 0.340 |
| High relative wall thickness | 14.0 | 15.4 | 0.746 | 22.6 | 30.7 | 15.8 | 0.9 | < 0.001 |
| Abnormal left ventricular geometry | ||||||||
| Concentric hypertrophy | 11.4 | 14.3 | 0.748 | 22.6 | 29.0 | 9.5 | 0.9 | < 0.001 |
| Eccentric hypertrophy | 20.8 | 18.7 | 5.7 | 11.3 | 25.3 | 27.4 | ||
| Concentric remodeling | 2.5 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 6.3 | 0.0 | ||
| VESSEL | ||||||||
| High carotid intima-media thickness | 51.0 | 38.6 | 0.056 | 32.4 | 36.8 | 61.5 | 43.8 | 0.005 |
| KIDNEY | ||||||||
| Microalbuminuria | 2.6 | 8.2 | 0.049 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 5.5 | 0.848 |
| LIVER | ||||||||
| High alanine aminotransferases | 5.9 | 4.6 | 1.000 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 11.1 | 4.8 | 0.034 |
| High aspartate aminotransferases | 3.5 | 6.1 | 0.472 | 7.3 | 2.0 | 4.9 | 3.2 | 0.597 |
| High alanine aminotransferases or aspartate aminotransferases | 7.7 | 7.6 | 0.985 | 7.3 | 2.0 | 12.4 | 6.4 | 0.169 |
| METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES | ||||||||
| High total cholesterol | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.000 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.151 |
| High triglycerides | 18.2 | 14.5 | 0.469 | 30.6 | 10.0 | 17.1 | 13.9 | 0.030 |
| Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | 19.3 | 11.7 | 0.137 | 14.3 | 16.7 | 20.5 | 15.3 | 0.772 |
| High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.000 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.158 |
| Dyslipidemia | 31.6 | 23.4 | 0.184 | 40.8 | 25.0 | 30.1 | 23.6 | 0.184 |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 23.7 | 20.0 | 0.523 | 12.2 | 21.7 | 25.6 | 27.1 | 0.232 |
Data are shown as percentages.
Chi-squared analyses are performed to assess the differences in prevalence of TOD across sex or age groups.