FIGURE 6.

PKS-based biosynthetic pathways in P. chrysogenum. Sorbicillinoids: Despite the fact that this cluster is also present in industrial strains of P. chrysogenum, they do not produce sorbicillinoids due to a point mutation in the ketosynthase domain of SorA. Yanuthones/Patulin: P. chrysogenum only contains a full version of one cluster (yanuthone D BGC), while the second cluster (patulin BGC) is incomplete (Nielsen et al., 2017). The absence of the gene encoding for an isoepoxidon dehydrogenase agrees with the fact that this fungi does not produce patulin (Samol et al., 2016). However, under laboratory conditions, yanuthone D is also not detected in this fungus (Salo, 2016). DHN-Melanin: The genes are only partially clustered in the genome of P. chrysogenum. Andrastin A: P. chrysogenum strains subjected to CSI are not able to produce andrastin A or related compound. Adapted from Staunton and Weissman (2001), Maskey et al. (2005), Cox (2007), Wattanachaisaereekul et al. (2007), Du et al. (2009), Pihet et al. (2009), Crawford and Townsend (2010), Avramovič (2011), Harned and Volp (2011), Gallo et al. (2013), Heinekamp et al. (2013), Matsuda et al. (2013), Salo et al. (2015), Salo et al. (2016), Druzhinina et al. (2016), Meng et al. (2016), Salo (2016), Samol et al. (2016), Guzmán-Chávez et al. (2017), Guzmán-Chávez et al. (2018), Nielsen et al. (2017), and Rojas-Aedo et al. (2017).