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. 2018 Nov 15;9:2618. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02618

Table 1.

Role of TRAF1,2 and 3 in CD137-mediated signaling.

TRAF1 TRAF2 TRAF3
TRAF heterotrimers TRAF2 (33) TRAF1 (33)
TRAF3 (suspected)		 TRAF2 (suspected)
Ubiquitin ligase activity no K63 (49–52)
K48 (53, 54)* 		unknown
Substrates no TRAF2 (50)
TAK1 (80)		 unknown
Binding partners cIAP1/2 (33)
LSP-1 (70)
NIK (33, 89)
LUBAC (undetermined)		 cIAP1/2 (33)
ubcl3 (50)
CYLD (98)		 NIK (87)
Functional data

  • CD137-mediated survival of memory T cells (49).

  • CD137-mediated antivirus responses (37, 49)

  • Required for activity of CD137-based chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) (39)

  • CD137-mediated costimulatory signaling in T cells (32)

  • CD137-mediated tumor rejection in xenograft mice (36).

  • Required for activity of CD137-based chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) (39).

  • Required for activity of CD137-based chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) (39)

The table summarizes the known function and binding partners of these TRAF proteins in the regulation of CD137 activity,as well as the available in vivo or ex vivo T cells functional data.

*

not demonstrated in CD137 signaling.