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. 2018 Nov 21;7(11):222. doi: 10.3390/cells7110222

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Effect of LTβR on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection of IPEC-J2 cells. (A) LTβR+/+ and LTβR−/− cells were challenged with PEDV CV777 strain (at a multiplicity of infection of 1), and cells were harvested 48 h later to determine relative virus level by real-time PCR using PEDV-specific primers. Note that significantly lower numbers of virus are observed in LTβR−/− cells (* p < 0.05). (B) Semi-quantitative PCR was performed for LTβR downstream genes in virus infected LTβR+/+ and LTβR−/− cells, including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), IL-22 and IL-23. Note that LTβR−/− cells had decreased expression of VCAM1 and IL-22. (C) Quantitative PCR data of two nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) targets, IL-6 and IL-8, in virus-infected cells. Note that LTβR−/− cells displayed significantly lower expression of IL-6 and IL-8 (** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001).