Table 4.
Enrollment and outcomes of navigation and other linkage, reengagement, and retention (NLRR) programs intended to link people with HIV to prevention, behavioral health, and social support services in 8 Care and Prevention in the United States (CAPUS) Demonstration Project sites, 2012-2016a
| Type of Service | Enrolleesb in Activities Intended to Provide Each Service, No. (% of Total NLRR Enrollees; n = 10 382)c | Enrollees Provided Service/Assistance, No. (% of Those Enrolled in Activity Intended to Provide the Service)d |
|---|---|---|
| Prevention | ||
| Partner servicese | 2050 (19.7) | 1387 (67.7) |
| Risk-reduction interventionsf | 2516 (24.2) | 1924 (76.5) |
| Behavioral health | ||
| Mental health treatment servicesg | 2197 (21.2) | 527 (24.0) |
| Substance abuse treatment servicesg | 1904 (18.3) | 150 (7.9) |
| Social | ||
| Housing servicesh | 2576 (24.8) | 1004 (39.0) |
| Transportation servicesh | 2636 (25.4) | 1548 (58.7) |
| Employment servicesh | 2085 (20.1) | 310 (14.9) |
| Other social servicesi | 3153 (30.4) | 1650 (52.3) |
aCAPUS was a 4-year cross-agency demonstration project led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with the aim of reducing HIV/AIDS-related morbidity and mortality among racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States. Eight states (Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia) received funding to implement the project.8
bOverall enrollment in NLRR programs is broadly defined to include any level of contact or engagement in a CAPUS-supported program intended to provide services, including intake interviews, screening or needs assessments, referral, and navigation to services, or a combination of these activities. HIV-diagnosed people may additionally enroll in activities intended to facilitate the provision of 1 or more prevention, behavioral health, or social services to meet their specific needs. However, grantees did not uniformly offer the services listed as part of their NLRR programs. Thus, not all 10 382 enrollees of NLRR programs had access to all services.
cThe number of people enrolled in an activity designed to facilitate linkage to and provision of the service. The denominator for the percentage is the total number of NLRR programs (n = 10 382). For example, 2050 of the 10 382 (19.7%) NLRR program enrollees participated in an activity designed to facilitate provision of partner services.
dThe number of those enrolled in an activity who were provided needed services. For example, 1387 of 2050 (67.7%) enrollees in a partner services-related activity were provided partner services (ie, were interviewed for partner services and received relevant support).
ePartner services are a broad array of services designed to notify sex and needle-sharing partners of HIV-infected people of their possible exposure to HIV so they can be offered HIV testing and learn their status or, if already infected, prevent transmission to others.
fRisk-reduction interventions are individual- or group-level approaches designed to promote changes in sexual or drug-use behaviors that will result in reduced risk for HIV infection or transmission.
gMental health and substance use treatment services include approaches to screen for unmet mental health or substance use-related health needs, refer and link clients to appropriate behavioral health service providers, and provide treatment to address the unmet needs (eg, provision of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy).
hHousing, transportation, and employment services include activities intended to screen for an unmet service need (eg, unstable housing, lack of transportation to attend medical appointment, lack of a job), refer and link those with needs to appropriate social service providers, and provide them with assistance to address the unmet needs (eg, temporary housing, transportation voucher, job training).
iOther social services include referral for or provision of assistance with food, health insurance, disability benefits, financial counseling, legal aid, and other similar services.