Table 3.
Terms used by observers to describe sheep behavioural expression during road transport. Terms showing the strongest correlations (r > 0.5) with low and high values on each Generalised Procrustes Analysis (GPA) dimension of the consensus profile (maximum 10 terms presented). Order of terms is determined firstly by number of observers to use that term (in parentheses where >1) and secondly by weighting of each term.
| Treatment, Procrustes Statistic † | GPA Dimension | Low Values | High Values | Treatment Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study A | ||||
| A1: S-C PS: 56.64% (t99 = 43.8, p < 0.001) |
1 (53.2%) |
Agitated (7), anxious (5), nervous (5), worried (5), concerned (3), scared (3), jumpy (2), fidgety (2), alert (2), distressed (2) | Calm (11), relaxed (7), settled (3), restful (2), comfortable (2), subdued, happy, tolerant, accepting, bored | Crate: F1, 6 = 48.85, p < 0.001 Sheep in a standard crate scored higher than sheep in a convertible crate Driver ID (random factor): F6, 487 = 5.90, p < 0.001 |
| 2 (8.5%) |
Curious (7), alert (3), inquisitive (2), nervous (2), interested, confident, comfortable, puzzled, at ease, watchful | Frightened, frustrated, agitated, bored, annoyed, distressed, anxious, bossy | Crate: F1, 6 = 0.29, p = 0.609 Driver ID (random factor): F6, 487 = 26.84, p < 0.001 |
|
| 3 (4.8%) |
Tired (2), apprehensive, struggling, pissed off, sad, fidgety, certain, alert, sleepy, bored | Confident, relaxed, sleepy, depressed, settled, satisfied | Crate: F1, 6 = 0.96, p = 0.367 Driver ID (random factor): F6, 487 = 6.67, p < 0.001 |
|
| A2: M-FT PS: 56.11% (t99 = 12.01, p < 0.001) |
1 (42.5%) |
Agitated (6), distressed (6), nervous (5), anxious (4), jumpy (3), pushy (2), alert (2), wary (2), frustrated (2), fidgety (2) | Calm (6), relaxed (4), comfortable (4), happy (3), settled (2), patient (2), composed (2), restful, mellow, unphased | Breed: F1, 4 = 27.98, p = 0.006 Merino sheep scored higher than fat-tail sheep Driver ID (random factor): F2, 223 = 30.87, p < 0.001 |
| 2 (12.6%) |
Curious (5), alert (4), inquisitive (4), worried (3), interested (2), comfortable (2), nervous (2), attentive, aware, confident | Tired (2), content (2), happy, calm, scared, settled, annoyed, anxious, frustrated, nervous | Breed: F1, 14 = 8.44, p = 0.011 Merino sheep scored lower than fat-tail sheep Driver ID (random factor): F2, 223 = 7.30, p = 0.001 |
|
| 3 (9.9%) |
Nervous (3), alert (3), interested (2), curious (2), annoyed (2), calm (2), jumpy, nonchalant, anticipating, restless | Relaxed (3), tired (2), alert (2), anxious (2), scared (2), comfortable (2), sleepy (2), unsure, insecure, resigned | Breed: F1, 3 = 0.05, p = 0.837 Driver ID (random factor): F2, 223 = 75.96, p < 0.001 |
|
| A3: FL-SY PS: 49.2% (t99 = 29.051, p < 0.001) |
1 (46.6%) |
Agitated (4), anxious (4), frightened (3), worried (3), nervous (3), panicked (3), scared (2), restless (2), jumpy, fretful | Calm (6), bored (3), relaxed, casual, accepting, placid, comfortable, settled, patient, composed | Origin: F1, 6 = 0.12, p = 0.745 Driver ID (random factor): F5, 469=27.51, p < 0.001 |
| 2 (10.7%) |
Curious (3), happy (2), alert (2), bored (2), interested (2), comfortable, calm, settled, resigned, content | Curious (2), agitated (2), resigned, interested, tired, lethargic, depressed, struggling, distressed, bored | Origin: F1, 18 = 1.12, p = 0.304 Driver ID (random factor): F5, 469=4.21, p < 0.001 |
|
| 3 (5.8%) |
Nervous (2), curious (2), distressed, excited, interested, agitated, annoyed, alert | Comfortable (2), relaxed (2), aware, stressed, mellow, calm, settled, confident, happy, agitated | Origin: F1, 24 = 7.04, p = 0.014 Sheep from feedlot scored higher than sheep from saleyard Driver ID (random factor): F5, 469 = 3.11, p = 0.009 |
|
| Study B | ||||
| B1: SU-SL PS: 42.75% (t99 = 16.45, p < 0.001) |
1 (35.9%) |
Agitated (7), stressed (4), pushy (3), distressed (3), worried (3), uneasy (2), restless (2), nervous (2), scared(2), distressed (2) | Calm (7), comfortable (4), relaxed (2), happy (2), placid, quiet, accepting | Deck (S): F1, 377 = 0.41, p = 0.521 Driver ID (random factor): F2, 377 = 15.03, p < 0.001 |
| 2 (20.9%) |
Miserable, unsure, tired, restful | Alert (9), curious (6), interested (5), happy (3), inquisitive (2), watchful (2), comfortable (2), observant, confused, confident | Deck (S): F1, 377 = 136.22, p < 0.001 Sheep transported in the upper deck scored higher than sheep transported in the lower deck Driver ID (random factor): F2, 377 = 6.04, p = 0.003 |
|
| 3 (10.8%) |
Nervous (2), agitated (2), stressed, distressed, settled, weary, wary, dejected, collected, confused | Stressed (2), alert (2), restless (2), distressed, adjusting, anxious, quiet, fidgety, unsupported, relaxed | Deck (S): F1, 377 = 25.40, p < 0.001 Sheep transported in the upper deck scored higher than sheep transported in the lower deck Driver ID (random factor): F2, 377 = 4.21, p = 0.015 |
|
| B2: CU-CL PS: 45.34% (t99 = 23.67, p < 0.001) |
1 (56.1%) |
Agitated (6), stressed (5), nervous (4), frightened (4), restless (4), distressed (3), uneasy (3), anxious (2), unsettled (2), worried (2) | Calm (9), relaxed (7), comfortable (6), happy (3), quiet (2), resolved, settled, at ease, resigned, restful | Deck (C): F1, 376 = 22.54, p < 0.001 Sheep transported in the upper deck scored higher than sheep transported in the lower deck Driver ID (random factor): F3, 376 = 32.58, p < 0.001 |
| 2 (8.5%) |
Dejected, weary, agitated, tired, scared | Alert (6), curious (4), interested (2), confident (2), relaxed (2), happy, wary, observant, aware | Deck (C): F1, 376 = 22.54, p < 0.001 Sheep transported in the upper deck scored higher than sheep transported in the lower deck Driver ID (random factor): F3, 376 = 32.58, p < 0.001 |
|
| 3 (7.8%) |
Nervous, worried, unsure | Agitated (2), cramped (2), curious (2), alert, aware, interested, relaxed, squashed | Deck (C): F1, 376 = 49.17, p < 0.001 Sheep transported in the upper deck scored higher than sheep transported in the lower deck Driver ID (random factor): F3, 376 = 24.54, p < 0.001 |
|
| B3: SU-SL-CU-CL PS: 36.86% (t99 = 32.699, p < 0.001) |
1 (43.2%) |
Agitated (5), nervous (3), restless (3), uneasy (3), frightened (3), anxious (2), stressed (2), worried (2), distressed (2), confused (2) | Calm (7), relaxed (5), comfortable (4), happy, at ease, settled | Crate: F1, 5 =0.35, p = 0.581 Deck: F1, 6 = 0.01, p = 0.968 Crate x deck: F1, 5 = 0.63, p = 0.466 Driver ID (random factor): F5, 5 = 4.30, p = 0.065 |
| 2 (19.1%) |
Distressed (2), stressed (2), bored, scared, freaked, miserable, quiet, unsure, worried, sad | Curious (8), alert (7), aware (3), interested (2), observant (2), confident, happy, relaxed | Crate: F1, 6 = 0.47, p = 0.525 Deck: F1, 8 = 12.35, p = 0.008 Sheep transported in the upper deck scored higher than sheep transported in the lower deck Crate x deck: F1, 5 = 0.51, p = 0.509 Driver ID (random factor): F5, 5 = 1.42, p = 0.355 |
|
| 3 (8.8%) |
Nervous (2), curious (2), distressed, excited, interested, agitated, annoyed, alert | Quiet (2), collected, calm, confused, accepting, aloof, peaceful | Crate: F1, 5 < 0.01, p = 0.994 Deck: F1, 4 = 4.50, p = 0.114 Crate x deck: F1, 4 = 0.82, p = 0.412 Driver ID (random factor): F5, 5 = 2.02, p = 0.222 |
† PS: Procrustes Statistic showing the percentage of variance in the dataset that could be attributed to the consensus in scoring between individual observers and the results for the one-way t-test comparing this result with a mean randomised profile of the same dataset, indicating that the consensus between observers in their use of descriptive terms to quantify the behavioural expression of these sheep was statistically significant.