Table 1.
Environmental factors used in generalized linear models
| Feature | Variable | Units | VIF |
|---|---|---|---|
| Land cover | Coniferous forests | Percentage (%) | 1.128 |
| Mixed woods | Percentage (%) | 1.101 | |
| Shrublands | Percentage (%) | 1.188 | |
| Deciduous forests | Percentage (%) | 1.337 | |
| Meadows | Percentage (%) | 1.551 | |
| Cultivated fields | Percentage (%) | > 3 | |
| Shannon index of habitat diversity | Sum of natural logarithm of each category proportion in the sample grid | 1.301 | |
| Topography | Altitude | Meter a.s.l. (m) | 2.486 |
| Slope | Degree (°) | >3 | |
| Landscape roughness | Ratio of the average length of isolines in the sample grid over sample grid side length | >3 | |
| Anthropogenic factors | Human population density | Number per km2 | 1.198 |
| Human settlements | Percentage (%) | 1.313 | |
| Distance from human settlements | Meter (m) | 1.791 |
Variables with a variance inflation factor (VIF) >3 were removed from further analysis due to multi‐collinearity with other variables.