Fig. 2.

Calculi present in fecal excreta of Drosophila as a drug discovery platform. (A) Increasing amounts of sodium oxalate in fly medium induced kidney stone formation, present within MTs as evidenced by birefringence signal and alendronate-FITC signal. (B) D. melanogaster survival on sodium oxalate-treated fly medium over a 60-day period. (C) D. melanogaster deposit calculi-rich fecal excreta on the fly tube wall (green, autofluorescence of fecal matter) and coverslip attached to sponge lid. Flies grown in sodium oxalate-rich fly medium produce fecal excrement-containing birefringent bodies representing calculi (white, birefringence signal).