TABLE 1.
Average d-limonene levels determined in time-matched adipose and plasma samples collected after a single dose of high-limonene lemonade consumption and after 4 wk of daily consumptiona
| Adipose d-Limonene Concentration, μmol/kgb |
Plasma d-Limonene Concentration, μmol/lc |
Adipose/Plasma d-Limonene Ratioc,d |
Post 4 Wk/ Initial Adipose d-Limonene Ratiob |
Post 4 Wk/ Initial Plasma d-Limonene Ratioc |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.79 (3.26)e | 0.48 (0.21) | 7.6 (7.5) | — | — |
| Range | ND–7.79 | 0.35–0.72 | ND–20.0 | — | — |
| Post 4 wk | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 137 (87.2)f,g | 1.12 (0.42)h | 111.0 (51.5) | 44.5 (29.3) | 2.6 (1.1) |
| Range | 53.6–293.9 | 0.54–1.65 | 51.0–195 | 8.6–89.3 | 1.1–4.2 |
a
Abbreviation is as follows: ND, not detectable.
b
n = 7.
c
n = 6.
d
Calculated by assuming the fat density of 0.9 g/ml (kg/l).
e
Initial adipose and plasma levels were not significantly different (P = 0.157).
f
Significantly higher than the initial adipose samples (P = 0.009).
g
Post 4-wk intervention adipose levels were significantly higher than plasma levels (P = 0.009).
h
Significantly higher than the initial plasma samples (P = 0.016).