Table 6.
Heterogeneity in the effect of P4P on service coverage outcomes
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome 1: facility-based delivery | |||||||
| P4P effect | 4.0 | 5.7 | 9.2*** | 4.4 | 1.0 | 1.4 | –0.8 |
| P4P effect×public facility | 4.4 | ||||||
| P4P effect×dispensary facility | 2.7 | ||||||
| P4P effect×with available utilities | –2.9 | ||||||
| P4P effect×low availability of drugs | 6.3 | ||||||
| P4P effect×lower baseline performer | 13.0*** | ||||||
| P4P effect×poorest population | 4.0 | ||||||
| P4P effect×middle wealth population | 14.3*** | ||||||
| P4P effect×rural facilities | 10.0** | ||||||
| Control mean at baseline | 86.8 | 86.6 | 86.8 | 86.4 | 86.5 | 86.5 | 86.8 |
| Observation (n) | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
| Outcome 2: IPT2 coverage | |||||||
| P4P effect | 5.4 | 15.9*** | 9.4* | 10.2** | 5.8* | 9.2* | 4.8 |
| P4P effect×public facility | 4.5 | ||||||
| P4P effect×dispensary facility | –9.6 | ||||||
| P4P effect×with available utilities | –0.2 | ||||||
| P4P effect×low availability of drugs | –1.8 | ||||||
| P4P effect×lower baseline performer | 7.5 | ||||||
| P4P effect×poorest population | 6.4 | ||||||
| P4P effect×middle wealth population | –6.4 | ||||||
| P4P effect×rural facilities | 5.2 | ||||||
| Control mean at baseline | 51.4 | 51.2 | 51.6 | 51.6 | 51.4 | 51.9 | 51.7 |
| Observation (n) | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
All regressions are ordinary least square (OLS). All specifications leads to an estimated Beta showing percentage point after controlling for a year dummy, facility-fixed effects and facility-level covariates (availability of utilities and wealth status of the catchment population); availability of drugs include 37 drugs and analysis used a dummy variable classified in each arm separately based on baseline availability distribution (=1 for availability below the median/bottom half and 0, otherwise); reference category in brackets: public (vs non-public), dispensary (vs health centre and hospital), with electricity and water supply at baseline (vs none), baseline availability of drugs below the median/in bottom half (vs top half), baseline lower performer/below the median (vs higher performer), rural (vs urban district), poorest/middle wealth (vs least poor).
Significance at 10% level.
Significance 5% level.
Significance at 1% level.