Table 1.
Edible usages and culture index of wild edible species of Udhampur district
| Botanical name | Family | Voucher no. (JUH) | Local name | Life form | Plant part used | Edible usage | CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd. | Leguminosae | 14552 | Katha | Tree | Heartwood, branches | Tea; medicinal. | 0.23 |
| Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa | Rutaceae | 14594 | Bel patri | Tree | Fruits | Fruit pulp is eaten fresh. Fruits are eaten raw and infusion is sieved for making sharbat (cooling drink); fruit is used as medicine. | 0.34 |
| Agave americana L. | Asparagaceae | 14605 | Kyora | Shrub | Flowers | Vegetable, pickled. | 0.10 |
| Amaranthus viridis L. | Amaranthaceae | 14452 | Chaleree | Herb | Leaves | Vegetable; medicinal. | 0.28 |
| Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kitam. | Compositae | 14606 | Chaau | Herb | Seeds, flowers, leaves | Condiment, spice; medicinal. | 0.34 |
| Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham. | Moraceae | 14607 | Taeoo | Tree | Fruits | Pickled. | 0.30 |
| Asparagus adscendens Roxb. | Asparagaceae | 14470 | Sanspour | Herb | Tubers | Vegetable, pickled, used as salad; medicinal. | 0.31 |
| Bauhinia vahlii Wight & Arn. | Leguminosae | 14493 | Malungarh | Climber | Seeds | Seeds are consumed after roasting/frying; flower buds are added to yogurt to make raita or aasara, pickled. | 0.13 |
| Bauhinia variegata L. | Leguminosae | 14494 | Kartair | Tree | Flowers | Vegetable is prepared in yogurt; flower buds are added to yogurt to make raita or aasara, pickled. | 0.17 |
| Berberis lycium Royle | Berberidaceae | 14484 | Kambel | Shrub | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw; root is medicinal. | 0.43 |
| Bombax ceiba L. | Malvaceae | 14608 | Simbal | Tree | Flower receptacle | Vegetable. | 0.15 |
| Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I. M. Johnst. | Boraginaceae | 14609 | Bibru | Herb | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.10 |
| Capsella bursa–pastoris (L.) Medik. | Brassicaceae | 14692 | Chiri halian | Herb | Leaves | Vegetable. | 0.08 |
| Cardamine impatiens L. | Brassicaceae | 14870 | Daraati | Herb | Leaves | Vegetable. | 0.08 |
| Carissa spinarum L. | Apocynaceae | 14463 | Garna | Shrub | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.22 |
| Carum carvi L. | Apiaceae | 14940 | Shia jeera | Herb | Fruits, seeds | Spice, condiment. | 0.07 |
| Celastrus paniculatus Willd. | Celastraceae | 14610 | Sankhir | Shrub | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.09 |
| Chenopodium album L. | Amaranthaceae | 14504 | Bathu | Herb | Leaves | Vegetable. | 0.16 |
| Cissampelos glaberrima A. St.-Hill. | Menispermaceae | 14550 | Battal bel | Climber | Leaves | Pakora (prepared by deep frying leaves coated with wheat flour), chutney (prepared by grinding leaves); medicinal. | 0.40 |
| Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle | Rutaceae | 14611 | Jambiri | Tree | Fruits | Juice is added to chutneys, eaten raw. | 0.23 |
| Citrus medica L. | Rutaceae | 14596 | Gargal | Tree | Fruits | Pickled, juice is added to chutneys; medicinal. | 0.40 |
| Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott | Araceae | 14612 | Kachaloo | Herb | Tubers | Boiled and eaten with spices and juice of Citrus medica; cooked as vegetable. | 0.20 |
| Commelina benghalensis L. | Commelinaceae | 14505 | Chura | Herb | Leaves | Vegetable. | 0.05 |
| Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. | Boraginaceae | 14613 | Lasoora | Tree | Fruits | Vegetable and pickled. | 0.51 |
| Cucumis melo var. utilissimus (Roxb.) Duthie & Fuller | Cucurbitaceae | 14614 | Tar | Climber | Fruits | As salad. | 0.17 |
| Cydonia oblonga Mill. | Rosaceae | 14615 | Bai dana | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw, murabba (prepared by shade drying boiled fruits and preserving them in sugar). | 0.26 |
| Dioscorea belophylla (Prain) Voigt ex Haines | Dioscoreaceae | 14616 | Tarar bail | Herb | Tubers | Vegetable, pickle; medicinal. | 0.24 |
| Diospyros lotus L. | Ebenaceae | 14617 | Amlook | Tree | Fruits | Dried fruits are eaten; medicinal. | 0.16 |
| Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. | Athyriaceae | 14618 | Kasroor | Herb | Fronds | Vegetable, pickled. | 0.32 |
| Duchesnea indica (Jacks.) Focke | Rosaceae | 14619 | Jangali shatawari | Herb | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw; medicinal. | 0.09 |
| Elaeagnus parvifolia wall. ex Royle | Elaeagnaceae | 14620 | Kaain | Shrub | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.02 |
| Euphorbia royleana Boiss. | Euphorbiaceae | 14515 | Thor | Shrub | Young shoots | Young shoots are boiled, cut into small pieces, and added to yogurt to make raita or aasra; medicinal. | 0.07 |
| Fagopyrum acutatum (Lehm.) Mansf. ex K. Hammer | Polygonaceae | 14621 | Van daraiyoon | Herb | Leaves, seeds | Vegetable; chapatti of flour are eaten during severe cold. | 0.06 |
| Ficus auriculata Lour. | Moraceae | 14622 | Trimbal | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.06 |
| Ficus palmata Forssk. | Moraceae | 14557 | Phagwara | Tree | Young leaves, fruits | Young leaves are cooked with diluted yogurt to make curry, leaves are also cooked with meat; fruits are eaten raw; medicinal. | 0.43 |
| Ficus racemosa L. | Moraceae | 14558 | Rumbal | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.15 |
| Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. | Salicaceae | 14623 | Kakooaa | Tree | Fruits, inner bark | Fruits are eaten raw; tea. | 0.19 |
| Flemingia prostrata Roxb. | Leguminosae | 14624 | Titri | Shrub | Fruits, seeds | Chutney (prepared by grinding fruits and seeds). | 0.06 |
| Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pusley | Papaveraceae | 14528 | Pitpapra, indu | Herb | Leaves | Vegetable; medicinal. | 0.51 |
| Impatiens bicolor Royle | Balsaminaceae | 14625 | Alwa | Herb | Seeds | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.03 |
| Indigofera cassioides DC. | Leguminosae | 14626 | Kathi | Shrub | Flowers | Vegetable. | 0.05 |
| Juglans regia L. | Juglandaceae | 14531 | Akhrot | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw, chutney is prepared; medicinal. | 0.30 |
| Lamium amplexicaule L. | Lamiaceae | 14627 | Indu saag | Herb | Leaves, young shoots | Vegetable. | 0.03 |
| Lathyrus aphaca L. | Leguminosae | 14628 | Khand khiru, mithu saag | Herb | Leaves, young shoots, seeds | Vegetable, young seeds are eaten; fruits are eaten raw. | 0.15 |
| Malva parviflora L. | Malvaceae | 14546 | Sonchal | Herb | Leaves | Vegetable. | 0.20 |
| Medicago polymorpha L. | Leguminosae | 14740 | Sriri | Herb | Leaves | Vegetable; medicinal. | 0.34 |
| Mentha longifolia (L.) L. | Lamiaceae | 14535 | Mainani | Herb | Leaves | Chutney; tea; medicinal. | 0.70 |
| Moringa oleifera Lam. | Moringaceae | 14629 | Sohanjana | Tree | Pods, roots | Vegetable, pickle; medicinal. | 0.35 |
| Morus alba L. | Moraceae | 14560 | Shtoot | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw; medicinal. | 0.28 |
| Morus nigra L. | Moraceae | 14872 | Kala toot | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw; medicinal. | 0.17 |
| Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. | Rutaceae | 14630 | Kari patta, drankari | Shrub | Leaves | Spice; medicinal. | 0.14 |
| Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. | Nelumbonaceae | 14631 | Nadroo | Herb | Roots | Vegetable is prepared either with tomato puree or yogurt (dish is locally called nadroo ki yakhni) | 0.06 |
| Nepeta laevigata (D. Don) Hand.-Mazz. | Lamiaceae | 14632 | Kaali khari | Herb | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.03 |
| Ocimum basilicum L. | Lamiaceae | 14536 | Babbari, Naazposh | Herb | Seeds | Sharbat (cooling drink prepared as infusion or decoction); medicinal. | 0.03 |
| Oxalis corniculata L. | Oxalidaceae | 14569 | Ammi | Herb | Leaves | Chutney; medicinal. | 0.08 |
| Persicaria amplexicaulis (D. Don) Ronse Decr. | Phyllanthaceae | 14580 | Aambla | Tree | Fruits | Tea. | 0.06 |
| Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. | Arecaceae | 14633 | Khajoor | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.10 |
| Phyllanthus emblica L. | Plantaginaceae | 14517 | Challa | Herb | Leaves | Fruits are eaten raw, pickle, murabba; medicinal. | 0.86 |
| Plantago lanceolata L. | Polygonaceae | 14725 | Masloon | Herb | Roots | Vegetable. | 0.03 |
| Prunus armeniaca L. | Rosaceae | 14587 | Saari, haari | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.30 |
| Prunus persica (L.) Batsch | Rosaceae | 14588 | Aaru, aarn | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.33 |
| Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. | Leguminosae | 14634 | Bidda | Climber | Tubers | Fruits are eaten raw and cooked as vegetable. | 0.10 |
| Punica granatum L. | Lythraceae | 14542 | Darooni | Tree | Fruits, seeds | Fruits are eaten raw, anaardana (dried seeds) are ground to make chutney; medicinal. | 0.68 |
| Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don | Rosaceae | 14589 | Batangi, kainth | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.02 |
| Ranunculus arvensis L. | Ranunculaceae | 14858 | Tilphari | Herb | Whole plant | Whole plant in vegetative stage is washed, sun dried, and oil and tatri are added and consumed as pickle. | 0.03 |
| Rosa indica L. | Rosaceae | 14590 | Gulaab | Shrub | Petals | Gulukand (prepared by preserving petals in sugar); medicinal. | 0.15 |
| Rubus ellipticus Sm. | Rosaceae | 14592 | Aakhe | Shrub | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.18 |
| Rumex dentatus L. | Polygonaceae | 14581 | Tandalak | Herb | Leaves | Vegetable. | 0.07 |
| Rumex hastatus D. Don | Polygonaceae | 14582 | Ammi | Herb | Leaves | Vegetable, chutney. | 0.22 |
| Rumex nepalensis Spreng. | Polygonaceae | 14635 | Urval | Herb | Leaves | Vegetable, curry made in yogurt. | 0.27 |
| Scandix pecten-veneris L. | Apiaceae | 14636 | Bhuss, indu saag | Herb | Young shoots | Vegetable. | 0.02 |
| Silene conoidea L. | Caryophyllaceae | 14502 | Takla | Herb | Leaves, fruits | Vegetable; fruits are eaten raw. | 0.13 |
| Stellaria media (L.) Vill. | Caryophyllaceae | 14850 | Koukoon, laadroon | Herb | Leaves, shoots | Vegetable. | 0.02 |
| Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels | Myrtaceae | 14564 | Tallay | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw; medicinal. | 0.57 |
| Taraxacum campylodes G. E. Haglund | Compositae | 14480 | Phul dudhli | Herb | Leaves | Vegetable; medicinal. | 0.50 |
| Telosma cordata (Burm. F.) Merr. | Apocynaceae | 14637 | Guaal manda | Climber | Flowers | Vegetable, eaten raw. | 0.14 |
| Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. | Combretaceae | 14638 | Arjan | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw; medicinal. | 0.15 |
| Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. | Combretaceae | 14639 | Bahera | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw after removing outer covering; medicinal. | 0.41 |
| Terminalia chebula Retz. | Combretaceae | 14640 | Reer | Tree | Fruits | Vegetable, curry; medicinal. | 0.22 |
| Trifolium pratense L. | Leguminosae | 14774 | Shataala | Herb | Leaves, shoots | Vegetable; medicinal. | 0.11 |
| Trifolium repens L. | Leguminosae | 14798 | Chaptal | Herb | Leaves | Vegetable; medicinal. | 0.08 |
| Tulipa clusiana DC. | Liliaceae | 14697 | Maghey, kayaloon, kukarboona | Herb | Tubers | Tubers are eaten raw. | 0.02 |
| Urtica dioica L. | Urticaceae | 14772 | Saddar | Herb | Young leaves and shoots | Vegetable; beverage; medicinal. | 0.49 |
| Veronica persica Poir. | Plantaginaceae | 14754 | Titi | Herb | Young leaves and shoots | Vegetable is prepared in yogurt. | 0.05 |
| Viburnum grandiflorum Wall. ex DC. | Adoxaceae | 14641 | Taildi | Shrub | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw. | 0.02 |
| Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray | Leguminosae | 14642 | Kanghi | Herb | Pods | Pods are eaten raw. | 0.01 |
| Vicia sativa L. | Leguminosae | 14934 | Jawaal | Herb | Leaves, young shoots, seeds | Vegetable is prepared from leaves; dried seeds are cooked as pulse; fresh seeds are eaten raw. | 0.09 |
| Viola odorata L. | Violaceae | 15752 | Banafsha | Herb | Flowers | Tea; medicinal. | 0.39 |
| Zanthoxylum armatum DC. | Rutaceae | 14597 | Timbru | Shrub | Seeds, fruits | Chutney is prepared from seeds; fruits are sun dried, fried in oil, and used as pickle; medicinal. | 0.42 |
| Zizyphus jujuba Mill. | Rhamnaceae | 14767 | Ber | Tree | Fruits | Fruits are eaten raw; medicinal. | 0.27 |